Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam
Vietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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Series: | Forests |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/548 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Quy Van Khuc Tuyet-Anh T. Le Trung H. Nguyen Duy Nong Bao Quang Tran Patrick Meyfroidt Trung Tran Pham Bao Duong Thanh T. Nguyen Tan Tran Linh Pham Shawn Leu Ngo Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen Huu-Dung Trung-Kien Dao Nguyen Van Hong Bui Thi Minh Nguyet Hoai-Son Nguyen Mark W. Paschke |
spellingShingle |
Quy Van Khuc Tuyet-Anh T. Le Trung H. Nguyen Duy Nong Bao Quang Tran Patrick Meyfroidt Trung Tran Pham Bao Duong Thanh T. Nguyen Tan Tran Linh Pham Shawn Leu Ngo Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen Huu-Dung Trung-Kien Dao Nguyen Van Hong Bui Thi Minh Nguyet Hoai-Son Nguyen Mark W. Paschke Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam Forests forest transition plantation forest solutions principal component analysis rural livelihood trade-offs Vietnam |
author_facet |
Quy Van Khuc Tuyet-Anh T. Le Trung H. Nguyen Duy Nong Bao Quang Tran Patrick Meyfroidt Trung Tran Pham Bao Duong Thanh T. Nguyen Tan Tran Linh Pham Shawn Leu Ngo Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen Huu-Dung Trung-Kien Dao Nguyen Van Hong Bui Thi Minh Nguyet Hoai-Son Nguyen Mark W. Paschke |
author_sort |
Quy Van Khuc |
title |
Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam |
title_short |
Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam |
title_full |
Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam |
title_fullStr |
Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam |
title_full_unstemmed |
Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam |
title_sort |
forest cover change, households’ livelihoods, trade-offs, and constraints associated with plantation forests in poor upland-rural landscapes: evidence from north central vietnam |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Forests |
issn |
1999-4907 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
Vietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems. |
topic |
forest transition plantation forest solutions principal component analysis rural livelihood trade-offs Vietnam |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/548 |
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doaj-c0a04c28972548c2ab5ce580a89989d72020-11-25T02:20:45ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-05-011154854810.3390/f11050548Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central VietnamQuy Van Khuc0Tuyet-Anh T. Le1Trung H. Nguyen2Duy Nong3Bao Quang Tran4Patrick Meyfroidt5Trung Tran6Pham Bao Duong7Thanh T. Nguyen8Tan Tran9Linh Pham10Shawn Leu11Ngo Thi Phuong Thao12Nguyen Huu-Dung13Trung-Kien Dao14Nguyen Van Hong15Bui Thi Minh Nguyet16Hoai-Son Nguyen17Mark W. Paschke18Faculty of Economics and Business, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, VietnamDepartment of Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaDepartment of Soils and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, Colorado, USAAgriculture and Food, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, Brisbane 4067, AustraliaFaculty of Environment and Forest Resource Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi 100000, VietnamGeorges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, KoreaFaculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, VietnamInstitute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Montana, MT 59717, USADepartment of Economics, University of Central Oklahoma, Oklahoma, OK 73034, USAUNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AustraliaFaculty of Real Estate and Natural Resource Economics, National Economics University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Real Estate and Natural Resource Economics, National Economics University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Economics and Business, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, VietnamDepartment of Landscape and Ecology, Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Economics, National Economics University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAVietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/548forest transitionplantation forest solutionsprincipal component analysisrural livelihoodtrade-offsVietnam |