Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in aging. Hyposmia has been described as an early symptom that can precede cognitive and motor deficits by decades. Certain regions within the olfactory system, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus, display the...
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doaj-c0fabf8619134e0785000633c87cfdef2020-11-25T02:11:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2020-02-011410.3389/fnins.2020.00096504851Somatostatin, Olfaction, and NeurodegenerationDaniel Saiz-SanchezIsabel Ubeda-BañonAlicia Flores-CuadradoMelania Gonzalez-RodriguezSandra Villar-CondeVeronica Astillero-LopezAlino Martinez-MarcosAlzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in aging. Hyposmia has been described as an early symptom that can precede cognitive and motor deficits by decades. Certain regions within the olfactory system, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus, display the neuropathological markers tau and amyloid-β or α-synuclein from the earliest stages of disease progression in a preferential manner. Specific neuronal subpopulations, namely those expressing somatostatin (SST), are preferentially affected throughout the olfactory and limbic systems. SST is a neuropeptide present in a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons throughout the brain and its main function is to inhibit principal neurons and/or other interneurons. It has been reported that SST expression is reduced by 50% in Alzheimer’s disease and that it is related to the formation of Aβ oligomers. The mechanisms underlying the preferential vulnerability of SST-expressing neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (and, to a minor extent, in Parkinson’s disease) are not known but analysis of the available data could shed light on their etiology. This short review aims to update the knowledge of functional features of somatostatin within the olfactory system and its role in olfactory deficits during neurodegeneration.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00096/fullα-synucleinamyloid-βanterior olfactory nucleushyposmiatau |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Isabel Ubeda-Bañon Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez Sandra Villar-Conde Veronica Astillero-Lopez Alino Martinez-Marcos |
spellingShingle |
Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Isabel Ubeda-Bañon Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez Sandra Villar-Conde Veronica Astillero-Lopez Alino Martinez-Marcos Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration Frontiers in Neuroscience α-synuclein amyloid-β anterior olfactory nucleus hyposmia tau |
author_facet |
Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Isabel Ubeda-Bañon Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez Sandra Villar-Conde Veronica Astillero-Lopez Alino Martinez-Marcos |
author_sort |
Daniel Saiz-Sanchez |
title |
Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration |
title_short |
Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration |
title_full |
Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration |
title_fullStr |
Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Somatostatin, Olfaction, and Neurodegeneration |
title_sort |
somatostatin, olfaction, and neurodegeneration |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-453X |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in aging. Hyposmia has been described as an early symptom that can precede cognitive and motor deficits by decades. Certain regions within the olfactory system, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus, display the neuropathological markers tau and amyloid-β or α-synuclein from the earliest stages of disease progression in a preferential manner. Specific neuronal subpopulations, namely those expressing somatostatin (SST), are preferentially affected throughout the olfactory and limbic systems. SST is a neuropeptide present in a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons throughout the brain and its main function is to inhibit principal neurons and/or other interneurons. It has been reported that SST expression is reduced by 50% in Alzheimer’s disease and that it is related to the formation of Aβ oligomers. The mechanisms underlying the preferential vulnerability of SST-expressing neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (and, to a minor extent, in Parkinson’s disease) are not known but analysis of the available data could shed light on their etiology. This short review aims to update the knowledge of functional features of somatostatin within the olfactory system and its role in olfactory deficits during neurodegeneration. |
topic |
α-synuclein amyloid-β anterior olfactory nucleus hyposmia tau |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00096/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT danielsaizsanchez somatostatinolfactionandneurodegeneration AT isabelubedabanon somatostatinolfactionandneurodegeneration AT aliciaflorescuadrado somatostatinolfactionandneurodegeneration AT melaniagonzalezrodriguez somatostatinolfactionandneurodegeneration AT sandravillarconde somatostatinolfactionandneurodegeneration AT veronicaastillerolopez somatostatinolfactionandneurodegeneration AT alinomartinezmarcos somatostatinolfactionandneurodegeneration |
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