Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer Cells
Natural killer (NK) cells are key players in the innate immune response. They kill virus-infected cells and are crucial for the induction of adaptive immune responses. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T cell lymphomas in chickens. Host resis...
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doaj-c11ec3d97c414b6fbae5d51ada8e417e2020-11-25T01:36:05ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072019-11-0171258810.3390/microorganisms7120588microorganisms7120588Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer CellsLuca D. Bertzbach0Daphne A. van Haarlem1Sonja Härtle2Benedikt B. Kaufer3Christine A. Jansen4Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The NetherlandsNatural killer (NK) cells are key players in the innate immune response. They kill virus-infected cells and are crucial for the induction of adaptive immune responses. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T cell lymphomas in chickens. Host resistance to MDV is associated with differences in NK cell responses; however, the exact role of NK cells in the control of MDV remains unknown. In this study, we assessed if MDV can infect NK cells and alter their activation. Surprisingly, we could demonstrate that primary chicken NK cells are very efficiently infected with very virulent RB-1B MDV and the live-attenuated CVI988 vaccine. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that both RB-1B and CVI988 enhance NK cell degranulation and increase interferon gamma (IFNγ) production in vitro. In addition, we could show that the MDV Eco Q-encoded oncogene (<i>meq</i>) contributes to the induction of NK cell activation using <i>meq</i> knockout viruses. Taken together, our data revealed for the first time that NK cells are efficiently infectable with MDV and that this oncogenic alphaherpesvirus enhances NK cell degranulation and increased IFNγ production in vitro.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/12/588nk cellschickenscell tropismcd107interferon gamma (ifnγ)rb-1bcvi988<i>meq</i> |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Luca D. Bertzbach Daphne A. van Haarlem Sonja Härtle Benedikt B. Kaufer Christine A. Jansen |
spellingShingle |
Luca D. Bertzbach Daphne A. van Haarlem Sonja Härtle Benedikt B. Kaufer Christine A. Jansen Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer Cells Microorganisms nk cells chickens cell tropism cd107 interferon gamma (ifnγ) rb-1b cvi988 <i>meq</i> |
author_facet |
Luca D. Bertzbach Daphne A. van Haarlem Sonja Härtle Benedikt B. Kaufer Christine A. Jansen |
author_sort |
Luca D. Bertzbach |
title |
Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer Cells |
title_short |
Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer Cells |
title_full |
Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer Cells |
title_fullStr |
Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Marek’s Disease Virus Infection of Natural Killer Cells |
title_sort |
marek’s disease virus infection of natural killer cells |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Natural killer (NK) cells are key players in the innate immune response. They kill virus-infected cells and are crucial for the induction of adaptive immune responses. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly T cell lymphomas in chickens. Host resistance to MDV is associated with differences in NK cell responses; however, the exact role of NK cells in the control of MDV remains unknown. In this study, we assessed if MDV can infect NK cells and alter their activation. Surprisingly, we could demonstrate that primary chicken NK cells are very efficiently infected with very virulent RB-1B MDV and the live-attenuated CVI988 vaccine. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that both RB-1B and CVI988 enhance NK cell degranulation and increase interferon gamma (IFNγ) production in vitro. In addition, we could show that the MDV Eco Q-encoded oncogene (<i>meq</i>) contributes to the induction of NK cell activation using <i>meq</i> knockout viruses. Taken together, our data revealed for the first time that NK cells are efficiently infectable with MDV and that this oncogenic alphaherpesvirus enhances NK cell degranulation and increased IFNγ production in vitro. |
topic |
nk cells chickens cell tropism cd107 interferon gamma (ifnγ) rb-1b cvi988 <i>meq</i> |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/12/588 |
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