The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs...
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doaj-c141992b63364ec9b9183987c27806cb2021-06-30T23:54:37ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-06-011290290210.3390/genes12060902The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular CarcinomaEva Costanzi0Carolina Simioni1Gabriele Varano2Cinzia Brenna3Ilaria Conti4Luca Maria Neri5Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell–cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs’ potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/6/902extracellular vesiclesRNAnon-coding RNAliquid biopsybiomarkerhepatocellular carcinoma |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eva Costanzi Carolina Simioni Gabriele Varano Cinzia Brenna Ilaria Conti Luca Maria Neri |
spellingShingle |
Eva Costanzi Carolina Simioni Gabriele Varano Cinzia Brenna Ilaria Conti Luca Maria Neri The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Genes extracellular vesicles RNA non-coding RNA liquid biopsy biomarker hepatocellular carcinoma |
author_facet |
Eva Costanzi Carolina Simioni Gabriele Varano Cinzia Brenna Ilaria Conti Luca Maria Neri |
author_sort |
Eva Costanzi |
title |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
title_short |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
title_full |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
title_sort |
role of extracellular vesicles as shuttles of rna and their clinical significance as biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Genes |
issn |
2073-4425 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell–cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs’ potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions. |
topic |
extracellular vesicles RNA non-coding RNA liquid biopsy biomarker hepatocellular carcinoma |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/6/902 |
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