Fuzzy dynamic system analysis of pollution accumulation in the Anzali wetland using empirical-nonlinear aspects of an economically-socio-environmental interest conflict

• Main Authors: Hamid Sarkheil, Hamid Reza Rezaei, Behzad Rayegani, Samira Khorramdin, Shahrokh Rahbari
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-01-01
• Series: Environmental Challenges
• Subjects: Anzali wetland; Nonlinear equation; Fuzzy; Contamination; Irreversible
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010021000044

Wetlands employ extensive ranges of environmental consideration, pollution control, and financial services in the premise of sustainability. Hence, the study of the pollution of the wetlands is vital. The Anzali wetland-being scoped in this research is located in the Caspian Sea vicinity, the northern part of the Persian plate. Due to proximity to densely populated rural and urban areas, large-scale industries, and agricultural activities, the wetland is exposed to various environmental problems, most of which would be water and soil pollutants. While on the other hand, it provides social, economic, and ecological advantages to local, national, and even worldwide communities in sustainable development. This wetland is in contact with some activities with the main economic benefits investigated in this study and listed in nine sectors. This study's proposed ecological model is a dynamic attitude giving the complex ecological feedback mechanisms to integrate economic aspects. While introducing the wetland restoration level, solving the given model's governing equations specifies the wetland's critical points by providing nonlinear equations between economic and ecological parameters. They were also introduced and applied an empirical fuzzy method solution for the dynamic state analysis of the Anzali wetland. Results show that the Anzali wetland system was irreversible in phosphorus resilience at 0.112% of the wetland entrance. By plotting the wetland's general condition, it was determined that the Anzali wetland is in high levels of contamination and needs urgent care. Finally, the risk of economic activities in the nine sections studied in this study should reach as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) risk level via more supervision.