Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress
Low-temperature stress is a type of abiotic stress that limits plant growth and production in both subtropical and tropical climate conditions. In the current study, the effects of 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) were investigated, in terms of hormone content, antioxid...
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doaj-c16eeb64dee949549d86ae718bc0dc382021-04-17T23:02:54ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-04-017848410.3390/horticulturae7040084Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature StressParviz Heidari0Mahdi Entazari1Amin Ebrahimi2Mostafa Ahmadizadeh3Alessandro Vannozzi4Fabio Palumbo5Gianni Barcaccia6Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, IranFaculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, IranFaculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, IranMinab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7981634314, IranLaboratory of Genomics for Breeding, DAFNAE, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35030 Legnaro, ItalyLaboratory of Genomics for Breeding, DAFNAE, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35030 Legnaro, ItalyLaboratory of Genomics for Breeding, DAFNAE, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, 35030 Legnaro, ItalyLow-temperature stress is a type of abiotic stress that limits plant growth and production in both subtropical and tropical climate conditions. In the current study, the effects of 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) were investigated, in terms of hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and transcription of several cold-responsive genes, under low-temperature stress (9 °C) in two different tomato species (cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant species). Results indicated that the treatment with exogenous EBR increases the content of gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whose accumulation is reduced by low temperatures in cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, the combination or contribution of BR and abscisic acid (ABA) as a synergetic interaction was recognized between BR and ABA in response to low temperatures. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was significantly increased in both species, in response to low-temperature stress; however, EBR treatment did not affect the MDA and proline content. Moreover, in the present study, the effect of EBR application was different in the tomato species under low-temperature stress, which increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the cold-tolerant species and increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in the cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, expression levels of cold-responsive genes were influenced by low-temperature stress and EBR treatment. Overall, our findings revealed that a low temperature causes oxidative stress while EBR treatment may decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage into increasing antioxidant enzymes, and improve the growth rate of the tomato by affecting auxin and gibberellin content. This study provides insight into the mechanism by which BRs regulate stress-dependent processes in tomatoes, and provides a theoretical basis for promoting cold resistance of the tomato.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/4/84cold stresscold-responsive genesanti-oxidantsprolinemalondialdehydehormone profiling |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Parviz Heidari Mahdi Entazari Amin Ebrahimi Mostafa Ahmadizadeh Alessandro Vannozzi Fabio Palumbo Gianni Barcaccia |
spellingShingle |
Parviz Heidari Mahdi Entazari Amin Ebrahimi Mostafa Ahmadizadeh Alessandro Vannozzi Fabio Palumbo Gianni Barcaccia Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress Horticulturae cold stress cold-responsive genes anti-oxidants proline malondialdehyde hormone profiling |
author_facet |
Parviz Heidari Mahdi Entazari Amin Ebrahimi Mostafa Ahmadizadeh Alessandro Vannozzi Fabio Palumbo Gianni Barcaccia |
author_sort |
Parviz Heidari |
title |
Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress |
title_short |
Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress |
title_full |
Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress |
title_fullStr |
Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress |
title_sort |
exogenous ebr ameliorates endogenous hormone contents in tomato species under low-temperature stress |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Horticulturae |
issn |
2311-7524 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Low-temperature stress is a type of abiotic stress that limits plant growth and production in both subtropical and tropical climate conditions. In the current study, the effects of 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) were investigated, in terms of hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and transcription of several cold-responsive genes, under low-temperature stress (9 °C) in two different tomato species (cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant species). Results indicated that the treatment with exogenous EBR increases the content of gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whose accumulation is reduced by low temperatures in cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, the combination or contribution of BR and abscisic acid (ABA) as a synergetic interaction was recognized between BR and ABA in response to low temperatures. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was significantly increased in both species, in response to low-temperature stress; however, EBR treatment did not affect the MDA and proline content. Moreover, in the present study, the effect of EBR application was different in the tomato species under low-temperature stress, which increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the cold-tolerant species and increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in the cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, expression levels of cold-responsive genes were influenced by low-temperature stress and EBR treatment. Overall, our findings revealed that a low temperature causes oxidative stress while EBR treatment may decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage into increasing antioxidant enzymes, and improve the growth rate of the tomato by affecting auxin and gibberellin content. This study provides insight into the mechanism by which BRs regulate stress-dependent processes in tomatoes, and provides a theoretical basis for promoting cold resistance of the tomato. |
topic |
cold stress cold-responsive genes anti-oxidants proline malondialdehyde hormone profiling |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/4/84 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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