Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition
In this study, the potential of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. as a natural anti-aging, antioxidant, and skin whitening agent was studied. Various parts of <i>C. carandas</i>, including fruit, leaf, seed, and pulp were sequentially extracted by maceration using <i>n</...
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doaj-c1ae1a8bdf864db1b7a3fbe36c66fdcb2021-09-25T23:37:56ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-08-01101345134510.3390/antiox10091345Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase InhibitionWaranya Neimkhum0Songyot Anuchapreeda1Wei-Chao Lin2Shang-Chian Lue3Kuan-Han Lee4Wantida Chaiyana5Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDivision of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, TaiwanDepartment of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandIn this study, the potential of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. as a natural anti-aging, antioxidant, and skin whitening agent was studied. Various parts of <i>C. carandas</i>, including fruit, leaf, seed, and pulp were sequentially extracted by maceration using <i>n</i>-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography, Folin–Ciocalteu, and Dowd method were used to investigate their chemical compositions. The inhibitory activities of oxidation process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were analyzed. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in a human epidermal keratinocyte line (HaCaT). The results exhibited that ethyl acetate could extract the most ursolic acid from <i>C. carandas</i>, while ethanol could extract the most phenolics and flavonoids. The leaf extract had the highest content of ursolic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids. The leaf extracted with ethyl acetate (AL) had the highest ursolic acid content (411.8 mg/g extract) and inhibited MMP-1, NF-kappa B, and tyrosinase activity the most. Ursolic acid has been proposed as a key component in these biological activities. Although several <i>C. carandas</i> extracts are beneficial to human skin, AL has been proposed for use in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals due to its superior anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammation, and whitening properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/9/1345<i>Carissa carandas</i>ursolic acidantioxidantanti-tyrosinasematrix metalloproteinasesnuclear factor-kappa B |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Waranya Neimkhum Songyot Anuchapreeda Wei-Chao Lin Shang-Chian Lue Kuan-Han Lee Wantida Chaiyana |
spellingShingle |
Waranya Neimkhum Songyot Anuchapreeda Wei-Chao Lin Shang-Chian Lue Kuan-Han Lee Wantida Chaiyana Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition Antioxidants <i>Carissa carandas</i> ursolic acid antioxidant anti-tyrosinase matrix metalloproteinases nuclear factor-kappa B |
author_facet |
Waranya Neimkhum Songyot Anuchapreeda Wei-Chao Lin Shang-Chian Lue Kuan-Han Lee Wantida Chaiyana |
author_sort |
Waranya Neimkhum |
title |
Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition |
title_short |
Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition |
title_full |
Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition |
title_fullStr |
Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. Fruit, Pulp, Leaf, and Seed on Oxidation, Inflammation, Tyrosinase, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Elastase, and Hyaluronidase Inhibition |
title_sort |
effects of <i>carissa carandas</i> linn. fruit, pulp, leaf, and seed on oxidation, inflammation, tyrosinase, matrix metalloproteinase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antioxidants |
issn |
2076-3921 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
In this study, the potential of <i>Carissa carandas</i> Linn. as a natural anti-aging, antioxidant, and skin whitening agent was studied. Various parts of <i>C. carandas</i>, including fruit, leaf, seed, and pulp were sequentially extracted by maceration using <i>n</i>-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography, Folin–Ciocalteu, and Dowd method were used to investigate their chemical compositions. The inhibitory activities of oxidation process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were analyzed. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in a human epidermal keratinocyte line (HaCaT). The results exhibited that ethyl acetate could extract the most ursolic acid from <i>C. carandas</i>, while ethanol could extract the most phenolics and flavonoids. The leaf extract had the highest content of ursolic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids. The leaf extracted with ethyl acetate (AL) had the highest ursolic acid content (411.8 mg/g extract) and inhibited MMP-1, NF-kappa B, and tyrosinase activity the most. Ursolic acid has been proposed as a key component in these biological activities. Although several <i>C. carandas</i> extracts are beneficial to human skin, AL has been proposed for use in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals due to its superior anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammation, and whitening properties. |
topic |
<i>Carissa carandas</i> ursolic acid antioxidant anti-tyrosinase matrix metalloproteinases nuclear factor-kappa B |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/9/1345 |
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