Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its Implications
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a crucial constituent of the innate immune system as they mediate immunity against viruses, bacteria, parasites, and most importantly, tumor cells. The exact mechanism of how the innate immune system and specifically NK cells interact with cancer cells is complex...
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2021-01-01
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Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9972927 |
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doaj-c1d00e5a4738479ea48b614553385c192021-06-21T02:25:23ZengHindawi LimitedJournal of Immunology Research2314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/9972927Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its ImplicationsEsraa Elaraby0Abdullah Imadeddin Malek1Hanan W. Abdullah2Noha Mousaad Elemam3Maha Saber-Ayad4Iman M. Talaat5College of MedicineCollege of MedicineCollege of MedicineCollege of MedicineCollege of MedicineCollege of MedicineNatural killer cells (NK cells) are a crucial constituent of the innate immune system as they mediate immunity against viruses, bacteria, parasites, and most importantly, tumor cells. The exact mechanism of how the innate immune system and specifically NK cells interact with cancer cells is complex and is yet to be understood. Several factors that constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia and TGF-β are believed to play a role in the complex physiological reaction of NK cells to tumor cells. On the other hand, several risk factors are implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer, most importantly: obesity. Cytokines released from adipose tissue such as adipokines, leptin, and resistin, among others, are also believed to facilitate tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to build a triad of breast cancer, obesity, and NK cell dysfunction to elucidate a link between these pillars on a cellular level. Directing efforts towards solidifying the link between these factors will help in designing a targeted immunotherapy with a low side-effect profile that can revolutionize breast cancer treatment and improve survival in obese patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9972927 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Esraa Elaraby Abdullah Imadeddin Malek Hanan W. Abdullah Noha Mousaad Elemam Maha Saber-Ayad Iman M. Talaat |
spellingShingle |
Esraa Elaraby Abdullah Imadeddin Malek Hanan W. Abdullah Noha Mousaad Elemam Maha Saber-Ayad Iman M. Talaat Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its Implications Journal of Immunology Research |
author_facet |
Esraa Elaraby Abdullah Imadeddin Malek Hanan W. Abdullah Noha Mousaad Elemam Maha Saber-Ayad Iman M. Talaat |
author_sort |
Esraa Elaraby |
title |
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its Implications |
title_short |
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its Implications |
title_full |
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its Implications |
title_fullStr |
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its Implications |
title_full_unstemmed |
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Obese Patients with Breast Cancer: A Review of a Triad and Its Implications |
title_sort |
natural killer cell dysfunction in obese patients with breast cancer: a review of a triad and its implications |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Journal of Immunology Research |
issn |
2314-7156 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a crucial constituent of the innate immune system as they mediate immunity against viruses, bacteria, parasites, and most importantly, tumor cells. The exact mechanism of how the innate immune system and specifically NK cells interact with cancer cells is complex and is yet to be understood. Several factors that constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia and TGF-β are believed to play a role in the complex physiological reaction of NK cells to tumor cells. On the other hand, several risk factors are implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer, most importantly: obesity. Cytokines released from adipose tissue such as adipokines, leptin, and resistin, among others, are also believed to facilitate tumor progression. In this study, we aimed to build a triad of breast cancer, obesity, and NK cell dysfunction to elucidate a link between these pillars on a cellular level. Directing efforts towards solidifying the link between these factors will help in designing a targeted immunotherapy with a low side-effect profile that can revolutionize breast cancer treatment and improve survival in obese patients. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9972927 |
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