Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights
The scattering theory developed in the past decades for high-frequency radio oceanography has been restricted to surfaces with small heights and small slopes. In the present work, the scattering theory for bistatic high-frequency radars is extended to ocean surfaces with arbitrary wave heights. Base...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-02-01
|
Series: | Remote Sensing |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/667 |
id |
doaj-c1d0f18c6fad4bcbae59567c3e1e6b4b |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-c1d0f18c6fad4bcbae59567c3e1e6b4b2020-11-25T00:36:20ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-02-0112466710.3390/rs12040667rs12040667Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave HeightsMurilo Teixeira Silva0Weimin Huang1Eric W. Gill2Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaThe scattering theory developed in the past decades for high-frequency radio oceanography has been restricted to surfaces with small heights and small slopes. In the present work, the scattering theory for bistatic high-frequency radars is extended to ocean surfaces with arbitrary wave heights. Based on recent theoretical developments in the scattering theory for ocean surfaces with arbitrary heights for monostatic radars, the electric field equations for bistatic high-frequency radars in high sea states are developed. This results in an additional term related to the first-order electric field, which is only present when the small-height approximation is removed. Then, the radar cross-section for the additional term is derived and simulated, and its impact on the total radar cross-section at different radar configurations, dominant wave directions, and sea states is assessed. The proposed term is shown to impact the total radar cross-section at high sea states, dependent on radar configuration and dominant wave direction. The present work can contribute to the remote sensing of targets on the ocean surface, as well as the determination of the dominant wave direction of the ocean surface at high sea states.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/667bistatic radarhf radarelectromagnetic scatteringradio oceanography |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Murilo Teixeira Silva Weimin Huang Eric W. Gill |
spellingShingle |
Murilo Teixeira Silva Weimin Huang Eric W. Gill Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights Remote Sensing bistatic radar hf radar electromagnetic scattering radio oceanography |
author_facet |
Murilo Teixeira Silva Weimin Huang Eric W. Gill |
author_sort |
Murilo Teixeira Silva |
title |
Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights |
title_short |
Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights |
title_full |
Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights |
title_fullStr |
Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights |
title_sort |
bistatic high-frequency radar cross-section of the ocean surface with arbitrary wave heights |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Remote Sensing |
issn |
2072-4292 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
The scattering theory developed in the past decades for high-frequency radio oceanography has been restricted to surfaces with small heights and small slopes. In the present work, the scattering theory for bistatic high-frequency radars is extended to ocean surfaces with arbitrary wave heights. Based on recent theoretical developments in the scattering theory for ocean surfaces with arbitrary heights for monostatic radars, the electric field equations for bistatic high-frequency radars in high sea states are developed. This results in an additional term related to the first-order electric field, which is only present when the small-height approximation is removed. Then, the radar cross-section for the additional term is derived and simulated, and its impact on the total radar cross-section at different radar configurations, dominant wave directions, and sea states is assessed. The proposed term is shown to impact the total radar cross-section at high sea states, dependent on radar configuration and dominant wave direction. The present work can contribute to the remote sensing of targets on the ocean surface, as well as the determination of the dominant wave direction of the ocean surface at high sea states. |
topic |
bistatic radar hf radar electromagnetic scattering radio oceanography |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/667 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT muriloteixeirasilva bistatichighfrequencyradarcrosssectionoftheoceansurfacewitharbitrarywaveheights AT weiminhuang bistatichighfrequencyradarcrosssectionoftheoceansurfacewitharbitrarywaveheights AT ericwgill bistatichighfrequencyradarcrosssectionoftheoceansurfacewitharbitrarywaveheights |
_version_ |
1725305760562282496 |