The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing Systems

The present article reviews the literature on the functional neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia across languages and writing systems. This includes comparisons of alphabetic languages differing in orthographic depth as well as comparisons across alphabetic, syllabic, and logographic writing syst...

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Main Author: Fabio Richlan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00155/full
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spelling doaj-c1fbcb60b313465c93b7454288e3b9882020-11-24T23:59:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782020-02-011110.3389/fpsyg.2020.00155493771The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing SystemsFabio RichlanThe present article reviews the literature on the functional neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia across languages and writing systems. This includes comparisons of alphabetic languages differing in orthographic depth as well as comparisons across alphabetic, syllabic, and logographic writing systems. It provides a synthesis of the evidence for both universal and language-specific effects on dyslexic functional brain activation abnormalities during reading and reading-related tasks. Specifically, universal reading-related underactivation of dyslexic readers relative to typical readers is identified in core regions of the left hemisphere reading network including the occipito-temporal, temporo-parietal, and inferior frontal cortex. Orthography-specific dyslexic brain abnormalities are mainly related to the degree and spatial extent of under- and overactivation clusters. In addition, dyslexic structural gray matter abnormalities across languages and writing systems are analyzed. The neuroimaging findings are linked to the universal and orthography-dependent behavioral manifestations of developmental dyslexia. Finally, the present article provides insights into potential compensatory mechanisms that may support remediation across languages and writing systems.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00155/fullbraindevelopmentdyslexialanguagemagnetic resonance imagingorthography
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Fabio Richlan
spellingShingle Fabio Richlan
The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing Systems
Frontiers in Psychology
brain
development
dyslexia
language
magnetic resonance imaging
orthography
author_facet Fabio Richlan
author_sort Fabio Richlan
title The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing Systems
title_short The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing Systems
title_full The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing Systems
title_fullStr The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing Systems
title_full_unstemmed The Functional Neuroanatomy of Developmental Dyslexia Across Languages and Writing Systems
title_sort functional neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia across languages and writing systems
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Psychology
issn 1664-1078
publishDate 2020-02-01
description The present article reviews the literature on the functional neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia across languages and writing systems. This includes comparisons of alphabetic languages differing in orthographic depth as well as comparisons across alphabetic, syllabic, and logographic writing systems. It provides a synthesis of the evidence for both universal and language-specific effects on dyslexic functional brain activation abnormalities during reading and reading-related tasks. Specifically, universal reading-related underactivation of dyslexic readers relative to typical readers is identified in core regions of the left hemisphere reading network including the occipito-temporal, temporo-parietal, and inferior frontal cortex. Orthography-specific dyslexic brain abnormalities are mainly related to the degree and spatial extent of under- and overactivation clusters. In addition, dyslexic structural gray matter abnormalities across languages and writing systems are analyzed. The neuroimaging findings are linked to the universal and orthography-dependent behavioral manifestations of developmental dyslexia. Finally, the present article provides insights into potential compensatory mechanisms that may support remediation across languages and writing systems.
topic brain
development
dyslexia
language
magnetic resonance imaging
orthography
url https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00155/full
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