On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach
There is a noticeable number of studies carried out on both the operational parameters of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the satellite signal itself. Researchers look for, inter alia, proven sources of errors affecting the integrity of the satellite signal because this parameter deter...
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doaj-c235cf02f5ca44588020481088804cf62021-08-06T15:21:52ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-07-01144534453410.3390/en14154534On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic ApproachKarolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska0Ewa Dudek1Paweł Wielgosz2Beata Milanowska3Jordi Mongay Batalla4Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandFaculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandInstitute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, PolandThere is a noticeable number of studies carried out on both the operational parameters of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the satellite signal itself. Researchers look for, inter alia, proven sources of errors affecting the integrity of the satellite signal because this parameter determines the approval of the system’s operational use. It also seems of key importance that the atmospheric conditions, in any area of satellite signal usage, should not be underestimated due to their extensive impact. As the ionospheric refraction seriously limits the operational use of the satellite navigation signal, in this article, the authors attempted to quantify the effect of solar activity (expressed by sunspots) on the signal integrity using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy reasoning is used when information is inaccurate or incomplete and necessitates making decisions under conditions of uncertainty. Thanks to fuzzy sets, there are no obstacles to characterize the degree of intensity of a given phenomenon. In order to look at the problem more broadly, attention was also paid to the tropospheric conditions, and it was verified whether, against the background of cloudiness, precipitation, humidity, pressure and temperature, solar activity affects the integrity to the greatest extent. The integrity measurements from the EGNOS system (PRN120 and PRN126) collected at the monitoring station in Warsaw, Poland in 2014 were used.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/15/4534GNSSsatellite navigation signalsolar activityintegrity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska Ewa Dudek Paweł Wielgosz Beata Milanowska Jordi Mongay Batalla |
spellingShingle |
Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska Ewa Dudek Paweł Wielgosz Beata Milanowska Jordi Mongay Batalla On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach Energies GNSS satellite navigation signal solar activity integrity |
author_facet |
Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska Ewa Dudek Paweł Wielgosz Beata Milanowska Jordi Mongay Batalla |
author_sort |
Karolina Krzykowska-Piotrowska |
title |
On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach |
title_short |
On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach |
title_full |
On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach |
title_fullStr |
On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the Correlation of Solar Activity and Troposphere on the GNSS/EGNOS Integrity. Fuzzy Logic Approach |
title_sort |
on the correlation of solar activity and troposphere on the gnss/egnos integrity. fuzzy logic approach |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Energies |
issn |
1996-1073 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
There is a noticeable number of studies carried out on both the operational parameters of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the satellite signal itself. Researchers look for, inter alia, proven sources of errors affecting the integrity of the satellite signal because this parameter determines the approval of the system’s operational use. It also seems of key importance that the atmospheric conditions, in any area of satellite signal usage, should not be underestimated due to their extensive impact. As the ionospheric refraction seriously limits the operational use of the satellite navigation signal, in this article, the authors attempted to quantify the effect of solar activity (expressed by sunspots) on the signal integrity using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy reasoning is used when information is inaccurate or incomplete and necessitates making decisions under conditions of uncertainty. Thanks to fuzzy sets, there are no obstacles to characterize the degree of intensity of a given phenomenon. In order to look at the problem more broadly, attention was also paid to the tropospheric conditions, and it was verified whether, against the background of cloudiness, precipitation, humidity, pressure and temperature, solar activity affects the integrity to the greatest extent. The integrity measurements from the EGNOS system (PRN120 and PRN126) collected at the monitoring station in Warsaw, Poland in 2014 were used. |
topic |
GNSS satellite navigation signal solar activity integrity |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/15/4534 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT karolinakrzykowskapiotrowska onthecorrelationofsolaractivityandtroposphereonthegnssegnosintegrityfuzzylogicapproach AT ewadudek onthecorrelationofsolaractivityandtroposphereonthegnssegnosintegrityfuzzylogicapproach AT pawełwielgosz onthecorrelationofsolaractivityandtroposphereonthegnssegnosintegrityfuzzylogicapproach AT beatamilanowska onthecorrelationofsolaractivityandtroposphereonthegnssegnosintegrityfuzzylogicapproach AT jordimongaybatalla onthecorrelationofsolaractivityandtroposphereonthegnssegnosintegrityfuzzylogicapproach |
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