Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease induced by a sustained state of chronic hyperglycemia that can lead to several complications targeting highly metabolic cells. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular complication of DM, with high prevalence, which can ultimately le...
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doaj-c23a13f255034a44ae25031726a5a9bb2020-11-25T02:31:44ZengHindawi LimitedOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity1942-09001942-09942020-01-01202010.1155/2020/30964703096470Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and InflammationRicardo Raúl Robles-Rivera0José Alberto Castellanos-González1Cecilia Olvera-Montaño2Raúl Alonso Flores-Martin3Ana Karen López-Contreras4Diana Esperanza Arevalo-Simental5Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz6Luis Miguel Roman-Pintos7Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez8Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Regional General Hospital 110, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Tonala, Jalisco, MexicoInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease induced by a sustained state of chronic hyperglycemia that can lead to several complications targeting highly metabolic cells. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular complication of DM, with high prevalence, which can ultimately lead to visual impairment. The genesis of DR involves a complex variety of pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, lipid peroxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, each possessing potential therapeutic biomarkers. A specific treatment has yet to be developed for early stages of DR since no management is given other than glycemic control until the proliferative stage develops, offering a poor visual prognosis to the patient. In this narrative review article, we evaluate different dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Pattern to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and their functional foods, and low-calorie diets (LCDs). Nutraceuticals have also been assessed in DR on account of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, which may have an important impact on the physiopathology of DR. These nutraceuticals have shown to lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), important inflammatory factors, cytokines, and endothelial damage biomarkers either as monotherapies or combined therapies or concomitantly with established diabetes management or nonconventional adjuvant drugs like topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3096470 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera José Alberto Castellanos-González Cecilia Olvera-Montaño Raúl Alonso Flores-Martin Ana Karen López-Contreras Diana Esperanza Arevalo-Simental Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz Luis Miguel Roman-Pintos Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez |
spellingShingle |
Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera José Alberto Castellanos-González Cecilia Olvera-Montaño Raúl Alonso Flores-Martin Ana Karen López-Contreras Diana Esperanza Arevalo-Simental Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz Luis Miguel Roman-Pintos Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
author_facet |
Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera José Alberto Castellanos-González Cecilia Olvera-Montaño Raúl Alonso Flores-Martin Ana Karen López-Contreras Diana Esperanza Arevalo-Simental Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz Luis Miguel Roman-Pintos Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez |
author_sort |
Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera |
title |
Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_short |
Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_full |
Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_fullStr |
Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_sort |
adjuvant therapies in diabetic retinopathy as an early approach to delay its progression: the importance of oxidative stress and inflammation |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
issn |
1942-0900 1942-0994 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease induced by a sustained state of chronic hyperglycemia that can lead to several complications targeting highly metabolic cells. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular complication of DM, with high prevalence, which can ultimately lead to visual impairment. The genesis of DR involves a complex variety of pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, lipid peroxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, each possessing potential therapeutic biomarkers. A specific treatment has yet to be developed for early stages of DR since no management is given other than glycemic control until the proliferative stage develops, offering a poor visual prognosis to the patient. In this narrative review article, we evaluate different dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Pattern to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and their functional foods, and low-calorie diets (LCDs). Nutraceuticals have also been assessed in DR on account of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, which may have an important impact on the physiopathology of DR. These nutraceuticals have shown to lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), important inflammatory factors, cytokines, and endothelial damage biomarkers either as monotherapies or combined therapies or concomitantly with established diabetes management or nonconventional adjuvant drugs like topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3096470 |
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