Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic Use
This study focused on natural materials such as clinoptilolite (CLI), metakaolin (MK), marlstone (MRL) and phonolite (PH). Clinoptilolite is one of the most known and common natural minerals (zeolites) with a unique porous structure, metakaolin is calcined kaolin clay, marlstone is a sedimentary roc...
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doaj-c2661de5846b445692aee3754e888fd82020-11-25T04:04:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-10-01254989498910.3390/molecules25214989Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic UseKateřina Strejcová0Zdeněk Tišler1Eliška Svobodová2Romana Velvarská3Unipetrol Centre for Research and Education, a.s, Areál Chempark 2838, Záluží 1, 436 70 Litvinov, Czech RepublicUnipetrol Centre for Research and Education, a.s, Areál Chempark 2838, Záluží 1, 436 70 Litvinov, Czech RepublicUnipetrol Centre for Research and Education, a.s, Areál Chempark 2838, Záluží 1, 436 70 Litvinov, Czech RepublicUnipetrol Centre for Research and Education, a.s, Areál Chempark 2838, Záluží 1, 436 70 Litvinov, Czech RepublicThis study focused on natural materials such as clinoptilolite (CLI), metakaolin (MK), marlstone (MRL) and phonolite (PH). Clinoptilolite is one of the most known and common natural minerals (zeolites) with a unique porous structure, metakaolin is calcined kaolin clay, marlstone is a sedimentary rock and phonolite is an igneous rock composed of alkali feldspar and other minerals. These natural materials are mainly used in the building industry (additions for concrete mixtures, production of paving, gravels) or for water purification, but the modification of their chemical, textural and mechanical properties makes these materials potentially usable in other industries, especially in the chemical industry. The modification of these natural materials and rocks was carried out by leaching using 0.1 M HCl (D1 samples) and then using 3 M HCl (D2 samples). This treatment could be an effective tool to modify the structure and composition of these materials. Properties of modified materials were determined by N<sub>2</sub> physisorption, Hg porosimetry, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of N<sub>2</sub> physisorption measurements showed that that the largest increase of specific surface area was for clinoptilolite leached using 3M HCl. There was also a significant increase of the micropore volume in the D2 samples. The only exception was marlstone, where the volume of micropores was zero even in the leached sample. Clinoptilolite had the highest acidity and sorption capacity of CO<sub>2</sub>. TGA showed that the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbed was not significantly related to the increase in specific surface area and the opening of micropores. Hg porosimetry showed that acid leaching using 0.1 M HCl and 3 M HCl resulted in a significant increase in the macropore volume in phonolite, and during leaching using 3M HCl there was an increase of the mesopore volume. From the better properties, cost-efficient and environmental points of view, the use of these materials could be an interesting solution for catalytic and sorption applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/4989natural minerals and rocksnatural zeoliteclinoptilolitemarlstonephonolitemetakaolin |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kateřina Strejcová Zdeněk Tišler Eliška Svobodová Romana Velvarská |
spellingShingle |
Kateřina Strejcová Zdeněk Tišler Eliška Svobodová Romana Velvarská Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic Use Molecules natural minerals and rocks natural zeolite clinoptilolite marlstone phonolite metakaolin |
author_facet |
Kateřina Strejcová Zdeněk Tišler Eliška Svobodová Romana Velvarská |
author_sort |
Kateřina Strejcová |
title |
Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic Use |
title_short |
Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic Use |
title_full |
Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic Use |
title_fullStr |
Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic Use |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of Modified Natural Minerals and Rocks for Possible Adsorption and Catalytic Use |
title_sort |
characterization of modified natural minerals and rocks for possible adsorption and catalytic use |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
This study focused on natural materials such as clinoptilolite (CLI), metakaolin (MK), marlstone (MRL) and phonolite (PH). Clinoptilolite is one of the most known and common natural minerals (zeolites) with a unique porous structure, metakaolin is calcined kaolin clay, marlstone is a sedimentary rock and phonolite is an igneous rock composed of alkali feldspar and other minerals. These natural materials are mainly used in the building industry (additions for concrete mixtures, production of paving, gravels) or for water purification, but the modification of their chemical, textural and mechanical properties makes these materials potentially usable in other industries, especially in the chemical industry. The modification of these natural materials and rocks was carried out by leaching using 0.1 M HCl (D1 samples) and then using 3 M HCl (D2 samples). This treatment could be an effective tool to modify the structure and composition of these materials. Properties of modified materials were determined by N<sub>2</sub> physisorption, Hg porosimetry, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of N<sub>2</sub> physisorption measurements showed that that the largest increase of specific surface area was for clinoptilolite leached using 3M HCl. There was also a significant increase of the micropore volume in the D2 samples. The only exception was marlstone, where the volume of micropores was zero even in the leached sample. Clinoptilolite had the highest acidity and sorption capacity of CO<sub>2</sub>. TGA showed that the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbed was not significantly related to the increase in specific surface area and the opening of micropores. Hg porosimetry showed that acid leaching using 0.1 M HCl and 3 M HCl resulted in a significant increase in the macropore volume in phonolite, and during leaching using 3M HCl there was an increase of the mesopore volume. From the better properties, cost-efficient and environmental points of view, the use of these materials could be an interesting solution for catalytic and sorption applications. |
topic |
natural minerals and rocks natural zeolite clinoptilolite marlstone phonolite metakaolin |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/4989 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT katerinastrejcova characterizationofmodifiednaturalmineralsandrocksforpossibleadsorptionandcatalyticuse AT zdenektisler characterizationofmodifiednaturalmineralsandrocksforpossibleadsorptionandcatalyticuse AT eliskasvobodova characterizationofmodifiednaturalmineralsandrocksforpossibleadsorptionandcatalyticuse AT romanavelvarska characterizationofmodifiednaturalmineralsandrocksforpossibleadsorptionandcatalyticuse |
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