Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy Measurement
Fundamental limits for photon counting and photon energy measurement are reviewed for CCD and CMOS imagers. The challenges to extend photon counting into the visible/nIR wavelengths and achieve energy measurement in the UV with specific read noise requirements are discussed. Pixel flicker and random...
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doaj-c26670d5deb04075baf4003bf5dc37892020-11-25T01:06:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-05-0116568810.3390/s16050688s16050688Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy MeasurementJames Janesick0John Tower1SRI-Sarnoff, 4952 Warner Avenue, Suite 300, Huntington Beach, CA 92649, USASRI-Sarnoff, 201 Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USAFundamental limits for photon counting and photon energy measurement are reviewed for CCD and CMOS imagers. The challenges to extend photon counting into the visible/nIR wavelengths and achieve energy measurement in the UV with specific read noise requirements are discussed. Pixel flicker and random telegraph noise sources are highlighted along with various methods used in reducing their contribution on the sensor’s read noise floor. Practical requirements for quantum efficiency, charge collection efficiency, and charge transfer efficiency that interfere with photon counting performance are discussed. Lastly we will review current efforts in reducing flicker noise head-on, in hopes to drive read noise substantially below 1 carrier rms.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/688ultra low noiseCCDCMOSimagers |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
James Janesick John Tower |
spellingShingle |
James Janesick John Tower Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy Measurement Sensors ultra low noise CCD CMOS imagers |
author_facet |
James Janesick John Tower |
author_sort |
James Janesick |
title |
Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy Measurement |
title_short |
Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy Measurement |
title_full |
Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy Measurement |
title_fullStr |
Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy Measurement |
title_full_unstemmed |
Particle and Photon Detection: Counting and Energy Measurement |
title_sort |
particle and photon detection: counting and energy measurement |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2016-05-01 |
description |
Fundamental limits for photon counting and photon energy measurement are reviewed for CCD and CMOS imagers. The challenges to extend photon counting into the visible/nIR wavelengths and achieve energy measurement in the UV with specific read noise requirements are discussed. Pixel flicker and random telegraph noise sources are highlighted along with various methods used in reducing their contribution on the sensor’s read noise floor. Practical requirements for quantum efficiency, charge collection efficiency, and charge transfer efficiency that interfere with photon counting performance are discussed. Lastly we will review current efforts in reducing flicker noise head-on, in hopes to drive read noise substantially below 1 carrier rms. |
topic |
ultra low noise CCD CMOS imagers |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/5/688 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jamesjanesick particleandphotondetectioncountingandenergymeasurement AT johntower particleandphotondetectioncountingandenergymeasurement |
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