The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey
Climate change, population growth, and economic development pose critical challenges in providing water, energy, and food security at the national and global scale. The Middle East is of particular interest due to the rapid industrialization, fragile environment, non-stable political relations, and...
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doaj-c276109f95734cdb97e67248a670134a2021-04-02T18:30:20ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Water-Energy Nexus2588-91252020-01-0138194The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and TurkeyMohanna Zarei0Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, IranClimate change, population growth, and economic development pose critical challenges in providing water, energy, and food security at the national and global scale. The Middle East is of particular interest due to the rapid industrialization, fragile environment, non-stable political relations, and transboundary water conflicts. Transboundary water plays a crucial role in sustainable development of the Middle East countries. Among them, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey shared major transboundary river basins which induced huge potential risks and benefits associated with development. The research on Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has seen a significant increase to productively assess water, energy, and food dependence at a higher resolution. According to these researches, drivers impacting the WEF security in the Middle East are water scarcity, migration, extreme events, economic growth, urbanization, population growth, poverty and political stability. Therefore, it is important to investigate the dynamics behind the WEF security concerns in this region. The results show that most countries in the Middle East are facing WEF resources insecurity owing to weak planning or wrong management strategies. Based on WEF Security Index reports, WEF Index for Iran, Iraq, and Turkey is 0.68, 0.65, and 0.75, respectively. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports, water, energy, and food demands increased with population growth from 1997 to 2017, which could enhance potential of conflict over water especially on transboundary water resources. This review explores the WEF nexus as a holistic approach to seek regional solutions to common challenges in these countries. In this case, cooperation and collaboration between scientific communities, stakeholders, and decision-makers is vital to address the complexity of the resource management and development challenges regarding the WEF security.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912520300254Transboundary waterMiddle EastWater-Energy-Food nexusIranIraqTurkey |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mohanna Zarei |
spellingShingle |
Mohanna Zarei The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey Water-Energy Nexus Transboundary water Middle East Water-Energy-Food nexus Iran Iraq Turkey |
author_facet |
Mohanna Zarei |
author_sort |
Mohanna Zarei |
title |
The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey |
title_short |
The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey |
title_full |
The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey |
title_fullStr |
The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey |
title_full_unstemmed |
The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey |
title_sort |
water-energy-food nexus: a holistic approach for resource security in iran, iraq, and turkey |
publisher |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
series |
Water-Energy Nexus |
issn |
2588-9125 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Climate change, population growth, and economic development pose critical challenges in providing water, energy, and food security at the national and global scale. The Middle East is of particular interest due to the rapid industrialization, fragile environment, non-stable political relations, and transboundary water conflicts. Transboundary water plays a crucial role in sustainable development of the Middle East countries. Among them, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey shared major transboundary river basins which induced huge potential risks and benefits associated with development. The research on Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has seen a significant increase to productively assess water, energy, and food dependence at a higher resolution. According to these researches, drivers impacting the WEF security in the Middle East are water scarcity, migration, extreme events, economic growth, urbanization, population growth, poverty and political stability. Therefore, it is important to investigate the dynamics behind the WEF security concerns in this region. The results show that most countries in the Middle East are facing WEF resources insecurity owing to weak planning or wrong management strategies. Based on WEF Security Index reports, WEF Index for Iran, Iraq, and Turkey is 0.68, 0.65, and 0.75, respectively. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports, water, energy, and food demands increased with population growth from 1997 to 2017, which could enhance potential of conflict over water especially on transboundary water resources. This review explores the WEF nexus as a holistic approach to seek regional solutions to common challenges in these countries. In this case, cooperation and collaboration between scientific communities, stakeholders, and decision-makers is vital to address the complexity of the resource management and development challenges regarding the WEF security. |
topic |
Transboundary water Middle East Water-Energy-Food nexus Iran Iraq Turkey |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912520300254 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mohannazarei thewaterenergyfoodnexusaholisticapproachforresourcesecurityiniraniraqandturkey AT mohannazarei waterenergyfoodnexusaholisticapproachforresourcesecurityiniraniraqandturkey |
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