An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an arbovirus transmitted by arthropods, widely distributed in the Americas that, depending on the subtype, can produce outbreaks or yearly cases of encephalitis in horses and humans. The symptoms are similar to those caused by dengue virus and in the wo...
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doaj-c2a17155787a4e8780c54d7f49d782432020-12-31T00:03:01ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-12-011822722710.3390/ijerph18010227An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa RicaBernal León0Carlos Jiménez-Sánchez1Mónica Retamosa-Izaguirre2Biosecurity Laboratory, Veterinary Service National Laboratory, Animal Health National Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Cattle, Heredia 40104, Costa RicaLaboratory of Virology, Tropical Diseases Research Program (PIET), School of Veterinary Medicine, National University, Heredia 40101, Costa RicaInternational Institute for Wildlife Conservation and Management, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 40101, Costa RicaVenezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an arbovirus transmitted by arthropods, widely distributed in the Americas that, depending on the subtype, can produce outbreaks or yearly cases of encephalitis in horses and humans. The symptoms are similar to those caused by dengue virus and in the worst-case scenario, involve encephalitis, and death. MaxEnt is software that uses climatological, geographical, and occurrence data of a particular species to create a model to estimate possible niches that could have these favorable conditions. We used MaxEnt with a total of 188 registers of VEEV presence, and 20 variables, (19 bioclimatological plus altitude) to determine the niches promising for the presence of VEEV. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for the model with all variables was 0.80 for the training data and 0.72 for the test. The variables with the highest contribution to the model were Bio11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter) 32.5%, Bio17 (precipitation of the driest quarter) 16.9%, Bio2 (annual mean temperature) 15.1%, altitude (m.a.s.l) 6.6%, and Bio18 (precipitation of the warmest quarter) 6.2%. The product of this research will be useful under the one health scheme to animal and human health authorities to forecast areas with high propensity for VEEV cases in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/227VEEVpredicted mapMaxEntCosta Ricaarboviruszoonotic |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bernal León Carlos Jiménez-Sánchez Mónica Retamosa-Izaguirre |
spellingShingle |
Bernal León Carlos Jiménez-Sánchez Mónica Retamosa-Izaguirre An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health VEEV predicted map MaxEnt Costa Rica arbovirus zoonotic |
author_facet |
Bernal León Carlos Jiménez-Sánchez Mónica Retamosa-Izaguirre |
author_sort |
Bernal León |
title |
An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica |
title_short |
An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica |
title_full |
An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica |
title_fullStr |
An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica |
title_sort |
environmental niche model to estimate the potential presence of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in costa rica |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-12-01 |
description |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an arbovirus transmitted by arthropods, widely distributed in the Americas that, depending on the subtype, can produce outbreaks or yearly cases of encephalitis in horses and humans. The symptoms are similar to those caused by dengue virus and in the worst-case scenario, involve encephalitis, and death. MaxEnt is software that uses climatological, geographical, and occurrence data of a particular species to create a model to estimate possible niches that could have these favorable conditions. We used MaxEnt with a total of 188 registers of VEEV presence, and 20 variables, (19 bioclimatological plus altitude) to determine the niches promising for the presence of VEEV. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for the model with all variables was 0.80 for the training data and 0.72 for the test. The variables with the highest contribution to the model were Bio11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter) 32.5%, Bio17 (precipitation of the driest quarter) 16.9%, Bio2 (annual mean temperature) 15.1%, altitude (m.a.s.l) 6.6%, and Bio18 (precipitation of the warmest quarter) 6.2%. The product of this research will be useful under the one health scheme to animal and human health authorities to forecast areas with high propensity for VEEV cases in the future. |
topic |
VEEV predicted map MaxEnt Costa Rica arbovirus zoonotic |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/227 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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