Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress
Abstract Background The pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the most damaging biological pest in pine forest ecosystems in China. However, the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Tracheid cavitation induced by excess metabolism of volatile terpenes is a typical characteristic o...
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doaj-c2b991b8788c4818ae87611c8063e8392020-11-25T03:07:20ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642020-07-0121111610.1186/s12864-020-06876-5Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stressYongxia Li0Yuqian Feng1Xuan Wang2Jing Cui3Xun Deng4Xingyao Zhang5Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of ForestryLab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of ForestryLab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of ForestryLab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of ForestryLab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of ForestryLab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of ForestryAbstract Background The pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the most damaging biological pest in pine forest ecosystems in China. However, the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Tracheid cavitation induced by excess metabolism of volatile terpenes is a typical characteristic of pine trees infected by B. xylophilus. β-pinene, one of the main volatile terpenes, influences PWN colonization and reproduction, stimulating pathogenicity during the early stages of infection. To elucidate the response mechanism of PWN to β-pinene, pathogenesis, mortality, and reproduction rate were investigated under different concentrations of β-pinene using a transcriptomics approach. Results A low concentration of β-pinene (BL, C < 25.74 mg/ml) inhibited PWN reproduction, whereas a high concentration (BH, C > 128.7 mg/ml) promoted reproduction. Comparison of PWN expression profiles under low (BL, 21.66 mg/ml) and high (BH, 214.5 mg/ml) β-pinene concentrations at 48 h identified 659 and 418 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, compared with controls. Some key DEGs are potential regulators of β-pinene via detoxification metabolism (cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and short-chain dehydrogenases), ion channel/transporter activity (unc and ATP-binding cassette families), and nuclear receptor -related genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed metabolic processes as the most significant biological processes, and catalytic activity as the most significant molecular function for both BL and BH samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology (KO) analysis showed that xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and transport and catabolism were the dominant terms in metabolism categories. Conclusion In addition to detoxification via reduction/oxidation (redox) activity, PWN responds to β-pinene through amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and other pathways including growth regulation and epidermal protein changes to overcome β-pinene stress. This study lays a foundation for further exploring the pathogenic mechanism of PWN.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06876-5Pine wood nematodeβ-PineneReproduction rateMortalityTranscriptome |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yongxia Li Yuqian Feng Xuan Wang Jing Cui Xun Deng Xingyao Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Yongxia Li Yuqian Feng Xuan Wang Jing Cui Xun Deng Xingyao Zhang Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress BMC Genomics Pine wood nematode β-Pinene Reproduction rate Mortality Transcriptome |
author_facet |
Yongxia Li Yuqian Feng Xuan Wang Jing Cui Xun Deng Xingyao Zhang |
author_sort |
Yongxia Li |
title |
Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress |
title_short |
Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress |
title_full |
Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress |
title_fullStr |
Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress |
title_sort |
adaptation of pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Genomics |
issn |
1471-2164 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The pine wood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the most damaging biological pest in pine forest ecosystems in China. However, the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Tracheid cavitation induced by excess metabolism of volatile terpenes is a typical characteristic of pine trees infected by B. xylophilus. β-pinene, one of the main volatile terpenes, influences PWN colonization and reproduction, stimulating pathogenicity during the early stages of infection. To elucidate the response mechanism of PWN to β-pinene, pathogenesis, mortality, and reproduction rate were investigated under different concentrations of β-pinene using a transcriptomics approach. Results A low concentration of β-pinene (BL, C < 25.74 mg/ml) inhibited PWN reproduction, whereas a high concentration (BH, C > 128.7 mg/ml) promoted reproduction. Comparison of PWN expression profiles under low (BL, 21.66 mg/ml) and high (BH, 214.5 mg/ml) β-pinene concentrations at 48 h identified 659 and 418 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, compared with controls. Some key DEGs are potential regulators of β-pinene via detoxification metabolism (cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and short-chain dehydrogenases), ion channel/transporter activity (unc and ATP-binding cassette families), and nuclear receptor -related genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed metabolic processes as the most significant biological processes, and catalytic activity as the most significant molecular function for both BL and BH samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology (KO) analysis showed that xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and transport and catabolism were the dominant terms in metabolism categories. Conclusion In addition to detoxification via reduction/oxidation (redox) activity, PWN responds to β-pinene through amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and other pathways including growth regulation and epidermal protein changes to overcome β-pinene stress. This study lays a foundation for further exploring the pathogenic mechanism of PWN. |
topic |
Pine wood nematode β-Pinene Reproduction rate Mortality Transcriptome |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-020-06876-5 |
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