Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors
Retinoids are a class of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. They are involved in several biological processes like embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, growth, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In light of their important functions, retinoids have been...
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doaj-c33b240c4d8c480ba50c1b63e8097d322021-09-26T00:55:22ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472021-08-011485485410.3390/ph14090854Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived TumorsVeronica Bensa0Enzo Calarco1Elena Giusto2Patrizia Perri3Maria Valeria Corrias4Mirco Ponzoni5Chiara Brignole6Fabio Pastorino7Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, ItalyRetinoids are a class of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. They are involved in several biological processes like embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, growth, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In light of their important functions, retinoids have been widely investigated for their therapeutic applications. Thus far, their use for the treatment of several types of cancer and skin disorders has been reported. However, these therapeutic agents present several limitations for their widespread clinical translatability, i.e., poor solubility and chemical instability in water, sensitivity to light, heat, and oxygen, and low bioavailability. These characteristics result in internalization into target cells and tissues only at low concentration and, consequently, at an unsatisfactory therapeutic dose. Furthermore, the administration of retinoids causes severe side-effects. Thus, in order to improve their pharmacological properties and circulating half-life, while minimizing their off-target uptake, various retinoids delivery systems have been recently developed. This review intends to provide examples of retinoids-loaded nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In particular, the use and the therapeutic results obtained by using fenretinide-loaded liposomes against neuroectodermal-derived tumors, such as melanoma, in adults, and neuroblastoma, the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood, will be discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/854retinoidsfenretinide (4-HPR)nanotechnologyliposomes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Veronica Bensa Enzo Calarco Elena Giusto Patrizia Perri Maria Valeria Corrias Mirco Ponzoni Chiara Brignole Fabio Pastorino |
spellingShingle |
Veronica Bensa Enzo Calarco Elena Giusto Patrizia Perri Maria Valeria Corrias Mirco Ponzoni Chiara Brignole Fabio Pastorino Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors Pharmaceuticals retinoids fenretinide (4-HPR) nanotechnology liposomes |
author_facet |
Veronica Bensa Enzo Calarco Elena Giusto Patrizia Perri Maria Valeria Corrias Mirco Ponzoni Chiara Brignole Fabio Pastorino |
author_sort |
Veronica Bensa |
title |
Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors |
title_short |
Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors |
title_full |
Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors |
title_fullStr |
Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors |
title_sort |
retinoids delivery systems in cancer: liposomal fenretinide for neuroectodermal-derived tumors |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pharmaceuticals |
issn |
1424-8247 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Retinoids are a class of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. They are involved in several biological processes like embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, growth, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In light of their important functions, retinoids have been widely investigated for their therapeutic applications. Thus far, their use for the treatment of several types of cancer and skin disorders has been reported. However, these therapeutic agents present several limitations for their widespread clinical translatability, i.e., poor solubility and chemical instability in water, sensitivity to light, heat, and oxygen, and low bioavailability. These characteristics result in internalization into target cells and tissues only at low concentration and, consequently, at an unsatisfactory therapeutic dose. Furthermore, the administration of retinoids causes severe side-effects. Thus, in order to improve their pharmacological properties and circulating half-life, while minimizing their off-target uptake, various retinoids delivery systems have been recently developed. This review intends to provide examples of retinoids-loaded nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In particular, the use and the therapeutic results obtained by using fenretinide-loaded liposomes against neuroectodermal-derived tumors, such as melanoma, in adults, and neuroblastoma, the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood, will be discussed. |
topic |
retinoids fenretinide (4-HPR) nanotechnology liposomes |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/854 |
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