Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of Nigeria
Abstract Background Malaria eradication globally is yet to be achieved and transmission is sustained in many endemic countries. Plasmodium falciparum continues to develop resistance to currently available anti-malarial drugs, posing great problems for malaria elimination. This study evaluates the fr...
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doaj-c422feed92b1439db1cd02584e1cf83e2020-11-25T03:16:29ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752019-06-011811710.1186/s12936-019-2833-8Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of NigeriaTitilope M. Dokunmu0Cynthia U. Adjekukor1Omolara F. Yakubu2Adetutu O. Bello3Jarat O. Adekoya4Olugbenga Akinola5Emmanuel O. Amoo6Abiodun H. Adebayo7Department of Biochemistry, Covenant UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Covenant UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Covenant UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, Covenant UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, Covenant UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of IlorinDemography and Social Statistics Unit, Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Covenant UniversityAbstract Background Malaria eradication globally is yet to be achieved and transmission is sustained in many endemic countries. Plasmodium falciparum continues to develop resistance to currently available anti-malarial drugs, posing great problems for malaria elimination. This study evaluates the frequencies of asymptomatic infection and multidrug resistance-1 (mdr-1) gene mutations in parasite isolates, which form the basis for understanding persistently high incidence in South West, Nigeria. Methods A total of 535 individuals aged from 6 months were screened during the epidemiological survey evaluating asymptomatic transmission. Parasite prevalence was determined by histidine-rich protein II rapid detection kit (RDT) in healthy individuals. Plasmodium falciparum mdr-1 gene mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digest and electrophoresis to determine polymorphism in parasite isolates. Sequencing was done to confirm polymorphism. Proportions were compared using Chi-square test at p value < 0.05. Results Malaria parasites were detected by RDT in 204 (38.1%) individuals. Asymptomatic infection was detected in 117 (57.3%) and symptomatic malaria confirmed in 87 individuals (42.6%). Overall, individuals with detectable malaria by RDT was significantly higher in individuals with symptoms, 87 of 197 (44.2%), than asymptomatic persons; 117 of 338 (34.6%), p = 0.02. In a sub-set of 75 isolates, 18(24%) and 14 (18.6%) individuals had Pfmdr1 86Y and 1246Y mutations. Conclusions There is still high malaria transmission rate in Nigeria with higher incidence of asymptomatic infections. These parasites harbour mutations on Pfmdr1 which contribute to artemisinin partner drug resistance; surveillance strategies to reduce the spread of drug resistance in endemic areas are needed to eliminate the reservoir of malaria parasites that can mitigate the eradication of malaria in Nigeria.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2833-8Asymptomatic malariaPfmdr1Drug resistancePlasmodium falciparumNigeria |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Titilope M. Dokunmu Cynthia U. Adjekukor Omolara F. Yakubu Adetutu O. Bello Jarat O. Adekoya Olugbenga Akinola Emmanuel O. Amoo Abiodun H. Adebayo |
spellingShingle |
Titilope M. Dokunmu Cynthia U. Adjekukor Omolara F. Yakubu Adetutu O. Bello Jarat O. Adekoya Olugbenga Akinola Emmanuel O. Amoo Abiodun H. Adebayo Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of Nigeria Malaria Journal Asymptomatic malaria Pfmdr1 Drug resistance Plasmodium falciparum Nigeria |
author_facet |
Titilope M. Dokunmu Cynthia U. Adjekukor Omolara F. Yakubu Adetutu O. Bello Jarat O. Adekoya Olugbenga Akinola Emmanuel O. Amoo Abiodun H. Adebayo |
author_sort |
Titilope M. Dokunmu |
title |
Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of Nigeria |
title_short |
Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of Nigeria |
title_full |
Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of Nigeria |
title_fullStr |
Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of Nigeria |
title_full_unstemmed |
Asymptomatic malaria infections and Pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of Nigeria |
title_sort |
asymptomatic malaria infections and pfmdr1 mutations in an endemic area of nigeria |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Malaria Journal |
issn |
1475-2875 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria eradication globally is yet to be achieved and transmission is sustained in many endemic countries. Plasmodium falciparum continues to develop resistance to currently available anti-malarial drugs, posing great problems for malaria elimination. This study evaluates the frequencies of asymptomatic infection and multidrug resistance-1 (mdr-1) gene mutations in parasite isolates, which form the basis for understanding persistently high incidence in South West, Nigeria. Methods A total of 535 individuals aged from 6 months were screened during the epidemiological survey evaluating asymptomatic transmission. Parasite prevalence was determined by histidine-rich protein II rapid detection kit (RDT) in healthy individuals. Plasmodium falciparum mdr-1 gene mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digest and electrophoresis to determine polymorphism in parasite isolates. Sequencing was done to confirm polymorphism. Proportions were compared using Chi-square test at p value < 0.05. Results Malaria parasites were detected by RDT in 204 (38.1%) individuals. Asymptomatic infection was detected in 117 (57.3%) and symptomatic malaria confirmed in 87 individuals (42.6%). Overall, individuals with detectable malaria by RDT was significantly higher in individuals with symptoms, 87 of 197 (44.2%), than asymptomatic persons; 117 of 338 (34.6%), p = 0.02. In a sub-set of 75 isolates, 18(24%) and 14 (18.6%) individuals had Pfmdr1 86Y and 1246Y mutations. Conclusions There is still high malaria transmission rate in Nigeria with higher incidence of asymptomatic infections. These parasites harbour mutations on Pfmdr1 which contribute to artemisinin partner drug resistance; surveillance strategies to reduce the spread of drug resistance in endemic areas are needed to eliminate the reservoir of malaria parasites that can mitigate the eradication of malaria in Nigeria. |
topic |
Asymptomatic malaria Pfmdr1 Drug resistance Plasmodium falciparum Nigeria |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2833-8 |
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