Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis
Vitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated...
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doaj-c45e8a5c61e146b0a46f8eb73635c0662021-02-10T00:05:44ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-02-01917217210.3390/biomedicines9020172Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of AtherosclerosisAndrei Mihai Surdu0Oana Pînzariu1Dana-Mihaela Ciobanu2Alina-Gabriela Negru3Simona-Sorana Căinap4Cecilia Lazea5Daniela Iacob6George Săraci7Dacian Tirinescu8Ileana Monica Borda9Gabriel Cismaru10Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Clinic, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaSixth Department of Medical Specialties, Endocrinology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaSixth Department of Medical Specialties, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaCardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaPediatric Clinic No 2, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaPediatric Clinic No 1, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaPediatric Clinic No 3, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaInternal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaSixth Department of Medical Specialties, Nephrology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 400012 RomaniaSixth Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaVitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated with atherogenic blood lipid profiles, 25(OH)D supplementation influences the levels of serum lipids in that it lowers the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and increases the levels of HDL-cholesterol, all of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis at the site of the blood vessels. Deficiency of this vitamin has been found to increase adhesion molecules or endothelial activation and, at the same time, supplementation is linked to the lowering presence of adhesion surrogates. Vitamin D can also influence the vascular tone by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, as seen in supplementation studies. Deficiency can lead, at the same time, to oxidative stress and an increase in inflammation as well as the expression of particular immune cells that play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in the intima of the blood vessels, i.e., monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D is also involved in atherogenesis through inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is consistently associated with cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and increased mortality after acute stroke. Conversely, vitamin D supplementation does not seem to produce beneficial effects in cohorts with intermediate baseline vitamin D levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/172vitamin Dcardiovascularatherosclerosis25-OH vitamin Dricketsosteomalacia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Andrei Mihai Surdu Oana Pînzariu Dana-Mihaela Ciobanu Alina-Gabriela Negru Simona-Sorana Căinap Cecilia Lazea Daniela Iacob George Săraci Dacian Tirinescu Ileana Monica Borda Gabriel Cismaru |
spellingShingle |
Andrei Mihai Surdu Oana Pînzariu Dana-Mihaela Ciobanu Alina-Gabriela Negru Simona-Sorana Căinap Cecilia Lazea Daniela Iacob George Săraci Dacian Tirinescu Ileana Monica Borda Gabriel Cismaru Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis Biomedicines vitamin D cardiovascular atherosclerosis 25-OH vitamin D rickets osteomalacia |
author_facet |
Andrei Mihai Surdu Oana Pînzariu Dana-Mihaela Ciobanu Alina-Gabriela Negru Simona-Sorana Căinap Cecilia Lazea Daniela Iacob George Săraci Dacian Tirinescu Ileana Monica Borda Gabriel Cismaru |
author_sort |
Andrei Mihai Surdu |
title |
Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis |
title_short |
Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis |
title_full |
Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis |
title_fullStr |
Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis |
title_sort |
vitamin d and its role in the lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biomedicines |
issn |
2227-9059 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Vitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated with atherogenic blood lipid profiles, 25(OH)D supplementation influences the levels of serum lipids in that it lowers the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and increases the levels of HDL-cholesterol, all of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis at the site of the blood vessels. Deficiency of this vitamin has been found to increase adhesion molecules or endothelial activation and, at the same time, supplementation is linked to the lowering presence of adhesion surrogates. Vitamin D can also influence the vascular tone by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, as seen in supplementation studies. Deficiency can lead, at the same time, to oxidative stress and an increase in inflammation as well as the expression of particular immune cells that play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in the intima of the blood vessels, i.e., monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D is also involved in atherogenesis through inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is consistently associated with cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and increased mortality after acute stroke. Conversely, vitamin D supplementation does not seem to produce beneficial effects in cohorts with intermediate baseline vitamin D levels. |
topic |
vitamin D cardiovascular atherosclerosis 25-OH vitamin D rickets osteomalacia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/172 |
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