Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany
Location modeling, both inductive and deductive, is widely used in archaeology to predict or investigate the spatial distribution of sites. The commonality among these approaches is their consideration of only spatial effects of the first order (i.e., the interaction of the locations with the site c...
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doaj-c4d62fd3953d461fa185e876a4dcb7c72020-11-25T02:36:26ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632019-10-0191043010.3390/geosciences9100430geosciences9100430Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern GermanyWolfgang B. Hamer0Daniel Knitter1Sonja B. Grimm2Benjamin Serbe3Berit Valentin Eriksen4Oliver Nakoinz5Rainer Duttmann6Department of Geography, Physical Geography, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Geography, Physical Geography, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24118 Kiel, GermanyCenter for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen Schloss Gottorf, 24837 Schleswig, GermanyCenter for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen Schloss Gottorf, 24837 Schleswig, GermanyCenter for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen Schloss Gottorf, 24837 Schleswig, GermanyJohanna Mestorf Academy, Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 3, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Geography, Physical Geography, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24118 Kiel, GermanyLocation modeling, both inductive and deductive, is widely used in archaeology to predict or investigate the spatial distribution of sites. The commonality among these approaches is their consideration of only spatial effects of the first order (i.e., the interaction of the locations with the site characteristics). Second-order effects (i.e., the interaction of locations with each other) are rarely considered. We introduce a deductive approach to investigating such second-order effects using linguistic hypotheses about settling behavior in the Final Palaeolithic. A Poisson process was used to simulate a point distribution using expert knowledge of two distinct hunter−gatherer groups, namely, reindeer hunters and elk hunters. The modeled points and point densities were compared with the actual finds. The G-, F-, and K-function, which allow for the identification of second-order effects of varying intensity for different periods, were applied. The results reveal differences between the two investigated groups, with the reindeer hunters showing location-related interaction patterns, indicating a spatial memory of the preferred locations over an extended period of time. Overall, this paper shows that second-order effects occur in the geographical modeling of archaeological finds and should be taken into account by using approaches such as the one presented in this paper.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/9/10/430location modelingdeductive modelingspatial point patternsspatial clusteringfuzzypalaeolithic |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wolfgang B. Hamer Daniel Knitter Sonja B. Grimm Benjamin Serbe Berit Valentin Eriksen Oliver Nakoinz Rainer Duttmann |
spellingShingle |
Wolfgang B. Hamer Daniel Knitter Sonja B. Grimm Benjamin Serbe Berit Valentin Eriksen Oliver Nakoinz Rainer Duttmann Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany Geosciences location modeling deductive modeling spatial point patterns spatial clustering fuzzy palaeolithic |
author_facet |
Wolfgang B. Hamer Daniel Knitter Sonja B. Grimm Benjamin Serbe Berit Valentin Eriksen Oliver Nakoinz Rainer Duttmann |
author_sort |
Wolfgang B. Hamer |
title |
Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany |
title_short |
Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany |
title_full |
Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany |
title_fullStr |
Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany |
title_full_unstemmed |
Location Modeling of Final Palaeolithic Sites in Northern Germany |
title_sort |
location modeling of final palaeolithic sites in northern germany |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Geosciences |
issn |
2076-3263 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
Location modeling, both inductive and deductive, is widely used in archaeology to predict or investigate the spatial distribution of sites. The commonality among these approaches is their consideration of only spatial effects of the first order (i.e., the interaction of the locations with the site characteristics). Second-order effects (i.e., the interaction of locations with each other) are rarely considered. We introduce a deductive approach to investigating such second-order effects using linguistic hypotheses about settling behavior in the Final Palaeolithic. A Poisson process was used to simulate a point distribution using expert knowledge of two distinct hunter−gatherer groups, namely, reindeer hunters and elk hunters. The modeled points and point densities were compared with the actual finds. The G-, F-, and K-function, which allow for the identification of second-order effects of varying intensity for different periods, were applied. The results reveal differences between the two investigated groups, with the reindeer hunters showing location-related interaction patterns, indicating a spatial memory of the preferred locations over an extended period of time. Overall, this paper shows that second-order effects occur in the geographical modeling of archaeological finds and should be taken into account by using approaches such as the one presented in this paper. |
topic |
location modeling deductive modeling spatial point patterns spatial clustering fuzzy palaeolithic |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/9/10/430 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1724800120169431040 |