Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics
Turning the food waste into a fuel source such as charcoal briquette was one of the alternatives in managing the food wastes disposal. In this present work, food waste was converted into charcoal by microwave irradiation technique. Application of binders such as potato starch and carboxymethyl cellu...
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doaj-c563176487e4428682cb479f47d6301c2021-04-06T01:52:00ZengDiponegoro UniversityInternational Journal of Renewable Energy Development2252-49402021-08-0110342543310.14710/ijred.2021.3310118110Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical CharacteristicsSiti Shawalliah Idris0Muhammad Izwadi Zailan1Nabihah Azron2Norazah Abd Rahman3Renewable Energy and Advance Chemical Technology (REACT) Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul EhsanFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, SelangorFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, SelangorFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, SelangorTurning the food waste into a fuel source such as charcoal briquette was one of the alternatives in managing the food wastes disposal. In this present work, food waste was converted into charcoal by microwave irradiation technique. Application of binders such as potato starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at ratios of 5%,10% and 15% for briquetting purpose were investigated in terms of its chemical and physical characteristics. Result showed that the briquette formed using the starch as the binder performed better in combustion quality than that of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A good quality of charcoal briquette has capability to withstand impact during packaging, handling, and transportation. Standard physical characteristic that was tested for briquette includes moisture content, compressive strength, and impact resistance. Calorific value of briquette was studied to analyse energy content in the briquette. The study showed that food waste charcoal has calorific value comparable to that of the commercial charcoal. However, the addition of binders showed some reduction in the energy content, with more reduction when CMC is added. In terms of combustion characteristic, the addition of binders does not alter the combustion profile in comparison to the raw food waste charcoal’s profile. The ignition and burnout temperatures of the food waste charcoal briquette showed a better performance with and without binders as compared to the commercial charcoal. In terms of physical characteristics, CMC has showed as an excellent binder with highest shatter index value. Overall, in terms of chemical properties, addition of 10% starch showed a better performance, while addition of 10% CMC showed a better performance in terms of physical characteristics. This finding is beneficial for briquette industry in the development of green product using biomass, but further research is essential before production of briquette take place.https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/33101food wastes charcoal briquettemicrowave pyrolysis techniquewaste-to-wealthcmcstarch. |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Siti Shawalliah Idris Muhammad Izwadi Zailan Nabihah Azron Norazah Abd Rahman |
spellingShingle |
Siti Shawalliah Idris Muhammad Izwadi Zailan Nabihah Azron Norazah Abd Rahman Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics International Journal of Renewable Energy Development food wastes charcoal briquette microwave pyrolysis technique waste-to-wealth cmc starch. |
author_facet |
Siti Shawalliah Idris Muhammad Izwadi Zailan Nabihah Azron Norazah Abd Rahman |
author_sort |
Siti Shawalliah Idris |
title |
Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics |
title_short |
Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics |
title_full |
Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics |
title_fullStr |
Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics |
title_sort |
sustainable green charcoal briquette from food waste via microwave pyrolysis technique: influence of type and concentration of binders on chemical and physical characteristics |
publisher |
Diponegoro University |
series |
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development |
issn |
2252-4940 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Turning the food waste into a fuel source such as charcoal briquette was one of the alternatives in managing the food wastes disposal. In this present work, food waste was converted into charcoal by microwave irradiation technique. Application of binders such as potato starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at ratios of 5%,10% and 15% for briquetting purpose were investigated in terms of its chemical and physical characteristics. Result showed that the briquette formed using the starch as the binder performed better in combustion quality than that of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A good quality of charcoal briquette has capability to withstand impact during packaging, handling, and transportation. Standard physical characteristic that was tested for briquette includes moisture content, compressive strength, and impact resistance. Calorific value of briquette was studied to analyse energy content in the briquette. The study showed that food waste charcoal has calorific value comparable to that of the commercial charcoal. However, the addition of binders showed some reduction in the energy content, with more reduction when CMC is added. In terms of combustion characteristic, the addition of binders does not alter the combustion profile in comparison to the raw food waste charcoal’s profile. The ignition and burnout temperatures of the food waste charcoal briquette showed a better performance with and without binders as compared to the commercial charcoal. In terms of physical characteristics, CMC has showed as an excellent binder with highest shatter index value. Overall, in terms of chemical properties, addition of 10% starch showed a better performance, while addition of 10% CMC showed a better performance in terms of physical characteristics. This finding is beneficial for briquette industry in the development of green product using biomass, but further research is essential before production of briquette take place. |
topic |
food wastes charcoal briquette microwave pyrolysis technique waste-to-wealth cmc starch. |
url |
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/33101 |
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