Effect of povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate and toyocamycin on amphizoic amoebic strains, infectious agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis – a growing threat to human health worldwide

• Main Authors: Marcin Padzik, Wanda Baltaza, David Bruce Conn, Jacek P. Szaflik, Lidia Chomicz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Institute of Rural Health 2018-12-01
• Series: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
• Subjects: in vitro; Acanthamoeba Keratitis; A. polyphaga; T4 genotype; A. castellanii Neff; povidone iodine; chlorhexidine digluconate; toyocamycin effects
• Online Access: http://www.journalssystem.com/aaem/EFFECT-OF-POVIDONE-IODINE-CHLORHEXIDINE-DIGLUCONATE-AND-TOYOCAMYCIN-ON-AMPHIZOIC,99683,0,2.html

Introduction Free-living amoebae, ubiquitous in outer environments, in predisposing circumstances may exist as parasites, infectious agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis. In recent decades, the vision-threatening corneal infection is a growing human health threat worldwide, including Poland. The applied therapy is often ineffective due to diagnostic mistakes, various pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba strains and high resistance of cysts to drugs; many agents with possible anti-amoebic activity are still being tested. In the presented study, selected chemicals are investigated in terms of their in vitro effect on corneal and environmental Acanthamoeba strains. Material and methods Samples of a corneal isolate from a patient with severe Acanthamoeba keratitis,of assessed on the basis of genotype associations of 18S rRNA and the type strain, Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff cultivated in bacteria-free condition, were exposed to povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate or toyocamycin. In vitro population dynamics of the strains were monitored and compared to those of control cultures. Results All chemicals showed anti-amoebic effects with different degrees of effectiveness. Significant differences were observed in the in vitro population dynamics, and the morpho-physiological status of A. castellanii Neff T4 and corneal strains determined as A. polyphaga T4 genotype, exposed to povidone iodine or toyocamycin, in comparison with chlorhexidine taken as reference. Conclusions Time-dependent amoebstatic in vitro effects were demonstrated for all agents, in particular, the results of assays with povidone iodine are promising. No significant stimulation of encystation appeared; however, as cysticidal efficacy of chemicals is expected, complementary research is needed on different Acanthamoeba strains with modified agent concentrations and method application.