Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid
In this paper, we comparitvley studied acetic acid attacks on geopolymer (GP-M), calcium aluminate (CAC-M), and Portland cement (PC-M)-based mortars. Consequent formations of deteriorated or transition layers surrounding the unaltered core material was classified in these three mortars, according to...
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doaj-c5cf6a81da7c467fbd611eb14f82cf3c2020-11-25T01:22:42ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442019-09-011219311510.3390/ma12193115ma12193115Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic AcidNeven Ukrainczyk0Murugan Muthu1Oliver Vogt2Eddie Koenders3Institute of Construction and Building Materials, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanySchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, SingaporeInstitute of Construction and Building Materials, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute of Construction and Building Materials, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyIn this paper, we comparitvley studied acetic acid attacks on geopolymer (GP-M), calcium aluminate (CAC-M), and Portland cement (PC-M)-based mortars. Consequent formations of deteriorated or transition layers surrounding the unaltered core material was classified in these three mortars, according to different degradation levels depending on what binder type was involved. Apart from mass loss, hardness, and deterioration depth, their microstructural alterations were analyzed using test methods such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimeter (TGA-DSC), which showed the different mechanisms for each binder type. Elemental maps revealed the decalcification (PC-M and CAC-M) and depolymerization (GP-M) that occurred across the mortar sections. The mass loss, hardness, and porosity were the least affected for GP-M, followed by CAC-M. These results points out that geopolymer-based mortars have improved acid resistance, which can be used as a potential alternative to conventional cement concretes that have been exposed to agro-industrial environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/19/3115geopolymerPortland cementcalcium aluminate cementleachingmicrostructuredeteriorationacetic acid attackSEM-EDS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Neven Ukrainczyk Murugan Muthu Oliver Vogt Eddie Koenders |
spellingShingle |
Neven Ukrainczyk Murugan Muthu Oliver Vogt Eddie Koenders Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid Materials geopolymer Portland cement calcium aluminate cement leaching microstructure deterioration acetic acid attack SEM-EDS |
author_facet |
Neven Ukrainczyk Murugan Muthu Oliver Vogt Eddie Koenders |
author_sort |
Neven Ukrainczyk |
title |
Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid |
title_short |
Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid |
title_full |
Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid |
title_fullStr |
Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid |
title_sort |
geopolymer, calcium aluminate, and portland cement-based mortars: comparing degradation using acetic acid |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
In this paper, we comparitvley studied acetic acid attacks on geopolymer (GP-M), calcium aluminate (CAC-M), and Portland cement (PC-M)-based mortars. Consequent formations of deteriorated or transition layers surrounding the unaltered core material was classified in these three mortars, according to different degradation levels depending on what binder type was involved. Apart from mass loss, hardness, and deterioration depth, their microstructural alterations were analyzed using test methods such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimeter (TGA-DSC), which showed the different mechanisms for each binder type. Elemental maps revealed the decalcification (PC-M and CAC-M) and depolymerization (GP-M) that occurred across the mortar sections. The mass loss, hardness, and porosity were the least affected for GP-M, followed by CAC-M. These results points out that geopolymer-based mortars have improved acid resistance, which can be used as a potential alternative to conventional cement concretes that have been exposed to agro-industrial environments. |
topic |
geopolymer Portland cement calcium aluminate cement leaching microstructure deterioration acetic acid attack SEM-EDS |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/19/3115 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT nevenukrainczyk geopolymercalciumaluminateandportlandcementbasedmortarscomparingdegradationusingaceticacid AT muruganmuthu geopolymercalciumaluminateandportlandcementbasedmortarscomparingdegradationusingaceticacid AT olivervogt geopolymercalciumaluminateandportlandcementbasedmortarscomparingdegradationusingaceticacid AT eddiekoenders geopolymercalciumaluminateandportlandcementbasedmortarscomparingdegradationusingaceticacid |
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