DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates
Dinoflagellates are a general group of phytoplankton, ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Most dinoflagellates are non-obligate autotrophs, subjected to potential physical and chemical DNA-damaging agents, including UV irradiation, in the euphotic zone. Delay of cell cycles by irradiation, as part o...
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doaj-c5d9d0f92b94475ea51ed6464d8257da2020-11-25T01:27:31ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072019-07-017719110.3390/microorganisms7070191microorganisms7070191DNA Damage Response Pathways in DinoflagellatesChongping Li0Joseph Tin Yum Wong1Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaDivision of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaDinoflagellates are a general group of phytoplankton, ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Most dinoflagellates are non-obligate autotrophs, subjected to potential physical and chemical DNA-damaging agents, including UV irradiation, in the euphotic zone. Delay of cell cycles by irradiation, as part of DNA damage responses (DDRs), could potentially lead to growth inhibition, contributing to major errors in the estimation of primary productivity and interpretations of photo-inhibition. Their liquid crystalline chromosomes (LCCs) have large amount of abnormal bases, restricted placement of coding sequences at the chromosomes periphery, and tandem repeat-encoded genes. These chromosome characteristics, their large genome sizes, as well as the lack of architectural nucleosomes, likely contribute to possible differential responses to DNA damage agents. In this study, we sought potential dinoflagellate orthologues of eukaryotic DNA damage repair pathways, and the linking pathway with cell-cycle control in three dinoflagellate species. It appeared that major orthologues in photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, double-strand break repair and homologous recombination repair are well represented in dinoflagellate genomes. Future studies should address possible differential DNA damage responses of dinoflagellates over other planktonic groups, especially in relation to possible shift of life-cycle transitions in responses to UV irradiation. This may have a potential role in the persistence of dinoflagellate red tides with the advent of climatic change.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/7/191dinoflagellateDNA damageDNA repair |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chongping Li Joseph Tin Yum Wong |
spellingShingle |
Chongping Li Joseph Tin Yum Wong DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates Microorganisms dinoflagellate DNA damage DNA repair |
author_facet |
Chongping Li Joseph Tin Yum Wong |
author_sort |
Chongping Li |
title |
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates |
title_short |
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates |
title_full |
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates |
title_fullStr |
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates |
title_full_unstemmed |
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates |
title_sort |
dna damage response pathways in dinoflagellates |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
Dinoflagellates are a general group of phytoplankton, ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Most dinoflagellates are non-obligate autotrophs, subjected to potential physical and chemical DNA-damaging agents, including UV irradiation, in the euphotic zone. Delay of cell cycles by irradiation, as part of DNA damage responses (DDRs), could potentially lead to growth inhibition, contributing to major errors in the estimation of primary productivity and interpretations of photo-inhibition. Their liquid crystalline chromosomes (LCCs) have large amount of abnormal bases, restricted placement of coding sequences at the chromosomes periphery, and tandem repeat-encoded genes. These chromosome characteristics, their large genome sizes, as well as the lack of architectural nucleosomes, likely contribute to possible differential responses to DNA damage agents. In this study, we sought potential dinoflagellate orthologues of eukaryotic DNA damage repair pathways, and the linking pathway with cell-cycle control in three dinoflagellate species. It appeared that major orthologues in photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, double-strand break repair and homologous recombination repair are well represented in dinoflagellate genomes. Future studies should address possible differential DNA damage responses of dinoflagellates over other planktonic groups, especially in relation to possible shift of life-cycle transitions in responses to UV irradiation. This may have a potential role in the persistence of dinoflagellate red tides with the advent of climatic change. |
topic |
dinoflagellate DNA damage DNA repair |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/7/191 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT chongpingli dnadamageresponsepathwaysindinoflagellates AT josephtinyumwong dnadamageresponsepathwaysindinoflagellates |
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