South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus
Abstract Background Influenza infection remains a major health threat for animals and humans which crucially requires effective antiviral remedies. The usage of herbal medications as readily available alternatives for their compatibility with the body and fewer side effects compared to synthetic che...
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doaj-c62bd46fcaae407baa8db6964a88c6212020-11-25T03:14:22ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822018-03-0118111010.1186/s12906-018-2184-ySouth African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virusParvaneh Mehrbod0Muna A. Abdalla1Emmanuel M. Njoya2Aroke S. Ahmed3Fatemeh Fotouhi4Behrokh Farahmand5Dorcas A. Gado6Mansoureh Tabatabaian7Olubunmi G. Fasanmi8Jacobus N. Eloff9Lyndy J. McGaw10Folorunso O. Fasina11Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of PretoriaPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of PretoriaPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of PretoriaPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of PretoriaInfluenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRANInfluenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRANPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of PretoriaInfluenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRANDepartment of Production Animal Studies, University of PretoriaPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of PretoriaPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of PretoriaDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of PretoriaAbstract Background Influenza infection remains a major health threat for animals and humans which crucially requires effective antiviral remedies. The usage of herbal medications as readily available alternatives for their compatibility with the body and fewer side effects compared to synthetic chemical treatments has become popular globally. The aim of this study was to investigate and screen in vitro anti-influenza activity of extracts of five South African medicinal plants, namely Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata, Rapanea melanophloeos, Pittosporum viridiflorum and Clerodendrum glabrum, species which are used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases such as inflammatory and respiratory diseases. Methods Methanol, ethanol (100% and 30%), acetone, hot and cold water extracts of the powdered plants leaves were obtained by standard methods. The cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT colorimetric assay on MDCK cells. The concentrations below CC50 values were tested for antiviral activity against influenza A virus (IAV) in different combination treatments. The effect of extracts on viral surface glycoproteins and viral titer were tested by HI and HA virological assays, respectively. Results Based on the applied methods, the most effective results against IAV were obtained from Rapanea melanophloeos methanol leaf extract (EC50 = 113.3 μg/ml) and Pittosporum viridiflorum methanol, 100% and 30% ethanol and acetone leaf extracts (EC50 values = 3.6, 3.4, 19.2, 82.3 μg/ml, respectively) in all types of combined treatments especially in pre- and post-penetration combined treatments with highly significant effects against viral titer (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion The outcomes offer for the first time a scientific basis for the use of extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos and Pittosporum viridiflorum against IAV. It is worth focusing on the isolation and identification of effective active compounds and elucidating the mechanism of action from these species. However, Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata and Clerodendrum glabrum leaf extracts were ineffective in vitro in this study.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-018-2184-yPotential medicinal plantsInfluenza A virusAntiviral activitySouth AfricaRapanea melanophloeosPittosporum viridiflorum |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Parvaneh Mehrbod Muna A. Abdalla Emmanuel M. Njoya Aroke S. Ahmed Fatemeh Fotouhi Behrokh Farahmand Dorcas A. Gado Mansoureh Tabatabaian Olubunmi G. Fasanmi Jacobus N. Eloff Lyndy J. McGaw Folorunso O. Fasina |
spellingShingle |
Parvaneh Mehrbod Muna A. Abdalla Emmanuel M. Njoya Aroke S. Ahmed Fatemeh Fotouhi Behrokh Farahmand Dorcas A. Gado Mansoureh Tabatabaian Olubunmi G. Fasanmi Jacobus N. Eloff Lyndy J. McGaw Folorunso O. Fasina South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Potential medicinal plants Influenza A virus Antiviral activity South Africa Rapanea melanophloeos Pittosporum viridiflorum |
author_facet |
Parvaneh Mehrbod Muna A. Abdalla Emmanuel M. Njoya Aroke S. Ahmed Fatemeh Fotouhi Behrokh Farahmand Dorcas A. Gado Mansoureh Tabatabaian Olubunmi G. Fasanmi Jacobus N. Eloff Lyndy J. McGaw Folorunso O. Fasina |
author_sort |
Parvaneh Mehrbod |
title |
South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus |
title_short |
South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus |
title_full |
South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus |
title_fullStr |
South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus |
title_full_unstemmed |
South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus |
title_sort |
south african medicinal plant extracts active against influenza a virus |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
issn |
1472-6882 |
publishDate |
2018-03-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Influenza infection remains a major health threat for animals and humans which crucially requires effective antiviral remedies. The usage of herbal medications as readily available alternatives for their compatibility with the body and fewer side effects compared to synthetic chemical treatments has become popular globally. The aim of this study was to investigate and screen in vitro anti-influenza activity of extracts of five South African medicinal plants, namely Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata, Rapanea melanophloeos, Pittosporum viridiflorum and Clerodendrum glabrum, species which are used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases such as inflammatory and respiratory diseases. Methods Methanol, ethanol (100% and 30%), acetone, hot and cold water extracts of the powdered plants leaves were obtained by standard methods. The cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT colorimetric assay on MDCK cells. The concentrations below CC50 values were tested for antiviral activity against influenza A virus (IAV) in different combination treatments. The effect of extracts on viral surface glycoproteins and viral titer were tested by HI and HA virological assays, respectively. Results Based on the applied methods, the most effective results against IAV were obtained from Rapanea melanophloeos methanol leaf extract (EC50 = 113.3 μg/ml) and Pittosporum viridiflorum methanol, 100% and 30% ethanol and acetone leaf extracts (EC50 values = 3.6, 3.4, 19.2, 82.3 μg/ml, respectively) in all types of combined treatments especially in pre- and post-penetration combined treatments with highly significant effects against viral titer (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion The outcomes offer for the first time a scientific basis for the use of extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos and Pittosporum viridiflorum against IAV. It is worth focusing on the isolation and identification of effective active compounds and elucidating the mechanism of action from these species. However, Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata and Clerodendrum glabrum leaf extracts were ineffective in vitro in this study. |
topic |
Potential medicinal plants Influenza A virus Antiviral activity South Africa Rapanea melanophloeos Pittosporum viridiflorum |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-018-2184-y |
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