Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-Atmosphere
Batch experiments between solid materials including komatiite, peridotite and basalt with an H2O-CO2 atmosphere were performed at temperatures from 200°C to 500°C to simulate the interaction between the new rocky crust formed after the magma ocean stage and the concurrent proto-atmosphere of the ear...
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doaj-c66834fc5046407a8b59bbb3323f7f312020-11-25T00:42:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632018-11-01610.3389/feart.2018.00180375887Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-AtmosphereXi-Luo Hao0Xi-Luo Hao1Xi-Luo Hao2Yi-Liang Li3Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong KongDepartment of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong KongBatch experiments between solid materials including komatiite, peridotite and basalt with an H2O-CO2 atmosphere were performed at temperatures from 200°C to 500°C to simulate the interaction between the new rocky crust formed after the magma ocean stage and the concurrent proto-atmosphere of the early Earth. Electron microscopic observations show that clay mineral flakes were generated in all experiments. In komatiite/peridotite reaction systems, fibrous actinolite was generated in experiments conducted at higher temperatures (>400°C). Different carbonate species were produced in experiments conducted at temperatures no higher than 400°C. Formation of these carbonates and their diverse crystal habits may indicate varied extraction rates of calcium, magnesium and SiO2 from the original ultramafic rocks resulted from different experimental temperatures. Our results imply that clay minerals and carbonates could probably be formed extensively in the early Hadean by the intense interaction between the ultramafic rocky crust and the H2O-CO2 atmosphere before the formation of the earliest ocean. Rapid sequestration of the atmospheric CO2 caused by the massive precipitation of carbonates might have led to the rapid cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere and the formation of the earliest oceans.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2018.00180/fullHadean climatephyllosilicatescarbonatesatmosphere–rock interactionthe earliest ocean |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xi-Luo Hao Xi-Luo Hao Xi-Luo Hao Yi-Liang Li |
spellingShingle |
Xi-Luo Hao Xi-Luo Hao Xi-Luo Hao Yi-Liang Li Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-Atmosphere Frontiers in Earth Science Hadean climate phyllosilicates carbonates atmosphere–rock interaction the earliest ocean |
author_facet |
Xi-Luo Hao Xi-Luo Hao Xi-Luo Hao Yi-Liang Li |
author_sort |
Xi-Luo Hao |
title |
Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-Atmosphere |
title_short |
Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-Atmosphere |
title_full |
Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-Atmosphere |
title_fullStr |
Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-Atmosphere |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the H2O-CO2 Atmosphere and the Crust on the Earliest Earth: Implications for the Early Evolution of Minerals and the Proto-Atmosphere |
title_sort |
experimental approach to the direct interaction between the h2o-co2 atmosphere and the crust on the earliest earth: implications for the early evolution of minerals and the proto-atmosphere |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
issn |
2296-6463 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Batch experiments between solid materials including komatiite, peridotite and basalt with an H2O-CO2 atmosphere were performed at temperatures from 200°C to 500°C to simulate the interaction between the new rocky crust formed after the magma ocean stage and the concurrent proto-atmosphere of the early Earth. Electron microscopic observations show that clay mineral flakes were generated in all experiments. In komatiite/peridotite reaction systems, fibrous actinolite was generated in experiments conducted at higher temperatures (>400°C). Different carbonate species were produced in experiments conducted at temperatures no higher than 400°C. Formation of these carbonates and their diverse crystal habits may indicate varied extraction rates of calcium, magnesium and SiO2 from the original ultramafic rocks resulted from different experimental temperatures. Our results imply that clay minerals and carbonates could probably be formed extensively in the early Hadean by the intense interaction between the ultramafic rocky crust and the H2O-CO2 atmosphere before the formation of the earliest ocean. Rapid sequestration of the atmospheric CO2 caused by the massive precipitation of carbonates might have led to the rapid cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere and the formation of the earliest oceans. |
topic |
Hadean climate phyllosilicates carbonates atmosphere–rock interaction the earliest ocean |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2018.00180/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT xiluohao experimentalapproachtothedirectinteractionbetweentheh2oco2atmosphereandthecrustontheearliestearthimplicationsfortheearlyevolutionofmineralsandtheprotoatmosphere AT xiluohao experimentalapproachtothedirectinteractionbetweentheh2oco2atmosphereandthecrustontheearliestearthimplicationsfortheearlyevolutionofmineralsandtheprotoatmosphere AT xiluohao experimentalapproachtothedirectinteractionbetweentheh2oco2atmosphereandthecrustontheearliestearthimplicationsfortheearlyevolutionofmineralsandtheprotoatmosphere AT yiliangli experimentalapproachtothedirectinteractionbetweentheh2oco2atmosphereandthecrustontheearliestearthimplicationsfortheearlyevolutionofmineralsandtheprotoatmosphere |
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