Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration
Currently, thermal remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) models can only calculate instantaneous ET at the time of satellite overpass. Five temporal upscaling methods, namely, constant evaporative fraction (ConEF), corrected ConEF (CorEF), diurnal evaporative fraction (DiEF), constant solar r...
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doaj-c67d25ceea35443bb570f8c4e41fa7062020-11-24T23:16:34ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922015-03-01733400342510.3390/rs70303400rs70303400Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous EvapotranspirationTongren Xu0Shaomin Liu1Lu Xu2Yujie Chen3Zhenzhen Jia4Ziwei Xu5Jeffrey Nielson6State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Water Resource Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USACurrently, thermal remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) models can only calculate instantaneous ET at the time of satellite overpass. Five temporal upscaling methods, namely, constant evaporative fraction (ConEF), corrected ConEF (CorEF), diurnal evaporative fraction (DiEF), constant solar radiation ratio (SolRad), and constant reference evaporative fraction (ConETrF), were selected to upscale the instantaneous ET to daily values. Moreover, five temporal reconstruction approaches, namely, data assimilation (ET_EnKF and ET_SCE_UA), surface resistance (ET_SR), reference evapotranspiration (ET_ETrF), and harmonic analysis of time series (ET_HANTS), were used to produce continuous daily ET with discrete clear-sky daily ET values. For clear-sky daily ET generation, SolRad and ConETrF produced the best estimates. In contrast, ConEF usually underestimated the daily ET. The optimum method, however, was found by combining SolRad and ConETrF, which produced the lowest root-mean-square error (RMSE) values. For continuous daily ET production, ET_ETrF and ET_SCE_UA performed the best, whereas the ET_SR and ET_HANTS methods had large errors. The annual ET distributions over the Beijing area were calculated with these methods. The spatial ET distributions from ET_ETrF and ET_SCE_UA had the same trend as ETWatch products, and had a smaller RMSE when compared with ET observations derived from the water balance method.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/3/3400evapotranspirationthermal remote sensingtemporal upscalingcontinuously daily ET reconstructionregional ET production |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tongren Xu Shaomin Liu Lu Xu Yujie Chen Zhenzhen Jia Ziwei Xu Jeffrey Nielson |
spellingShingle |
Tongren Xu Shaomin Liu Lu Xu Yujie Chen Zhenzhen Jia Ziwei Xu Jeffrey Nielson Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration Remote Sensing evapotranspiration thermal remote sensing temporal upscaling continuously daily ET reconstruction regional ET production |
author_facet |
Tongren Xu Shaomin Liu Lu Xu Yujie Chen Zhenzhen Jia Ziwei Xu Jeffrey Nielson |
author_sort |
Tongren Xu |
title |
Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration |
title_short |
Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration |
title_full |
Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration |
title_fullStr |
Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration |
title_sort |
temporal upscaling and reconstruction of thermal remotely sensed instantaneous evapotranspiration |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Remote Sensing |
issn |
2072-4292 |
publishDate |
2015-03-01 |
description |
Currently, thermal remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) models can only calculate instantaneous ET at the time of satellite overpass. Five temporal upscaling methods, namely, constant evaporative fraction (ConEF), corrected ConEF (CorEF), diurnal evaporative fraction (DiEF), constant solar radiation ratio (SolRad), and constant reference evaporative fraction (ConETrF), were selected to upscale the instantaneous ET to daily values. Moreover, five temporal reconstruction approaches, namely, data assimilation (ET_EnKF and ET_SCE_UA), surface resistance (ET_SR), reference evapotranspiration (ET_ETrF), and harmonic analysis of time series (ET_HANTS), were used to produce continuous daily ET with discrete clear-sky daily ET values. For clear-sky daily ET generation, SolRad and ConETrF produced the best estimates. In contrast, ConEF usually underestimated the daily ET. The optimum method, however, was found by combining SolRad and ConETrF, which produced the lowest root-mean-square error (RMSE) values. For continuous daily ET production, ET_ETrF and ET_SCE_UA performed the best, whereas the ET_SR and ET_HANTS methods had large errors. The annual ET distributions over the Beijing area were calculated with these methods. The spatial ET distributions from ET_ETrF and ET_SCE_UA had the same trend as ETWatch products, and had a smaller RMSE when compared with ET observations derived from the water balance method. |
topic |
evapotranspiration thermal remote sensing temporal upscaling continuously daily ET reconstruction regional ET production |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/3/3400 |
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