An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability Assessment
Physical capability (PC) is conventionally evaluated through performance-based clinical assessments. We aimed to transform a battery of sensor-based functional tests into a clinically applicable assessment tool. We used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to uncover the underlying latent structure wit...
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doaj-c7c3fe0eb1e5410d951949e0cf0900bf2020-11-24T21:45:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-05-011910222710.3390/s19102227s19102227An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability AssessmentAlice Coni0Sabato Mellone1Marco Colpo2Jack M. Guralnik3Kushang V. Patel4Stefania Bandinelli5Lorenzo Chiari6Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyGeriatric Unit, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, 40125 Firenze, ItalyDivision of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAGeriatric Unit, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, 40125 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyPhysical capability (PC) is conventionally evaluated through performance-based clinical assessments. We aimed to transform a battery of sensor-based functional tests into a clinically applicable assessment tool. We used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to uncover the underlying latent structure within sensor-based measures obtained in a population-based study. Three hundred four community-dwelling older adults (163 females, 80.9 ± 6.4 years), underwent three functional tests (Quiet Stand, QS, 7-meter Walk, 7MW and Chair Stand, CST) wearing a smartphone at the lower back. Instrumented tests provided 73 sensor-based measures, out of which EFA identified a fifteen-factor model. A priori knowledge and the associations with health-related measures supported the functional interpretation and construct validity analysis of the factors, and provided the basis for developing a conceptual model of PC. For example, the “Walking Impairment„ domain obtained from the 7MW test was significantly associated with measures of leg muscle power, gait speed, and overall lower extremity function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a battery of functional tests, instrumented through a smartphone, is used for outlining a sensor-based conceptual model, which could be suitable for assessing PC in older adults and tracking its changes over time.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2227physical capability assessmentinstrumented functional testexploratory factor analysisolder adults |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alice Coni Sabato Mellone Marco Colpo Jack M. Guralnik Kushang V. Patel Stefania Bandinelli Lorenzo Chiari |
spellingShingle |
Alice Coni Sabato Mellone Marco Colpo Jack M. Guralnik Kushang V. Patel Stefania Bandinelli Lorenzo Chiari An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability Assessment Sensors physical capability assessment instrumented functional test exploratory factor analysis older adults |
author_facet |
Alice Coni Sabato Mellone Marco Colpo Jack M. Guralnik Kushang V. Patel Stefania Bandinelli Lorenzo Chiari |
author_sort |
Alice Coni |
title |
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability Assessment |
title_short |
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability Assessment |
title_full |
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability Assessment |
title_fullStr |
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability Assessment |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Sensor-Based Physical Capability Assessment |
title_sort |
exploratory factor analysis of sensor-based physical capability assessment |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Physical capability (PC) is conventionally evaluated through performance-based clinical assessments. We aimed to transform a battery of sensor-based functional tests into a clinically applicable assessment tool. We used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to uncover the underlying latent structure within sensor-based measures obtained in a population-based study. Three hundred four community-dwelling older adults (163 females, 80.9 ± 6.4 years), underwent three functional tests (Quiet Stand, QS, 7-meter Walk, 7MW and Chair Stand, CST) wearing a smartphone at the lower back. Instrumented tests provided 73 sensor-based measures, out of which EFA identified a fifteen-factor model. A priori knowledge and the associations with health-related measures supported the functional interpretation and construct validity analysis of the factors, and provided the basis for developing a conceptual model of PC. For example, the “Walking Impairment„ domain obtained from the 7MW test was significantly associated with measures of leg muscle power, gait speed, and overall lower extremity function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a battery of functional tests, instrumented through a smartphone, is used for outlining a sensor-based conceptual model, which could be suitable for assessing PC in older adults and tracking its changes over time. |
topic |
physical capability assessment instrumented functional test exploratory factor analysis older adults |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2227 |
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