Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Background: Organic psychiatric disorders can be caused by immunological disorders, such as autoimmune encephalitis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE can affect most organs, as well as the central nervous system (CNS). In this paper, we describe a patient with an isolated psychiatric syndro...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-04-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00226/full |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eva M. Lüngen Eva M. Lüngen Viktoria Maier Viktoria Maier Nils Venhoff Ulrich Salzer Rick Dersch Benjamin Berger Anne N. Riering Kathrin Nickel Kathrin Nickel Bernd L. Fiebich Patrick Süß Patrick Süß Simon J. Maier Simon J. Maier Karl Egger Ludger Tebartz van Elst Ludger Tebartz van Elst Dominique Endres Dominique Endres |
spellingShingle |
Eva M. Lüngen Eva M. Lüngen Viktoria Maier Viktoria Maier Nils Venhoff Ulrich Salzer Rick Dersch Benjamin Berger Anne N. Riering Kathrin Nickel Kathrin Nickel Bernd L. Fiebich Patrick Süß Patrick Süß Simon J. Maier Simon J. Maier Karl Egger Ludger Tebartz van Elst Ludger Tebartz van Elst Dominique Endres Dominique Endres Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Frontiers in Psychiatry systemic lupus erythematosus neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) psychosis |
author_facet |
Eva M. Lüngen Eva M. Lüngen Viktoria Maier Viktoria Maier Nils Venhoff Ulrich Salzer Rick Dersch Benjamin Berger Anne N. Riering Kathrin Nickel Kathrin Nickel Bernd L. Fiebich Patrick Süß Patrick Süß Simon J. Maier Simon J. Maier Karl Egger Ludger Tebartz van Elst Ludger Tebartz van Elst Dominique Endres Dominique Endres |
author_sort |
Eva M. Lüngen |
title |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_short |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_full |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_fullStr |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_full_unstemmed |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid |
title_sort |
systemic lupus erythematosus with isolated psychiatric symptoms and antinuclear antibody detection in the cerebrospinal fluid |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychiatry |
issn |
1664-0640 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
Background: Organic psychiatric disorders can be caused by immunological disorders, such as autoimmune encephalitis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE can affect most organs, as well as the central nervous system (CNS). In this paper, we describe a patient with an isolated psychiatric syndrome in the context of SLE and discuss the role of antibody detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Case presentation: The 22-year-old German male high school graduate presented with obsessive–compulsive and schizophreniform symptoms. He first experienced obsessive–compulsive symptoms at the age of 14. At the age of 19, his obsessive thoughts, hallucinations, diffuse anxiety, depressed mood, severe dizziness, and suicidal ideation became severe and did not respond to neuroleptic or antidepressant treatment. Due to increased antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) with anti-nucleosome specificity in serum and CSF, complement activation, multiple bilateral white matter lesions, and inflammatory CSF alterations, we classified the complex syndrome as an isolated psychiatric variant of SLE. Immunosuppressive treatment with two times high-dose steroids, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine led to a slow but convincing improvement.Conclusion: Some patients with psychiatric syndromes and increased ANA titers may suffer from psychiatric variants of SLE, even if the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE are not met. Whether the psychiatric symptoms in our patient represent a prodromal stage with the later manifestation of full-blown SLE or a subtype of SLE with isolated CNS involvement remains unclear. Regardless, early diagnosis and initiation of immunosuppressive treatment are essential steps in preventing further disease progression and organ damage. Intrathecal ANAs with extractable nuclear antigen differentiation may be a more sensitive marker of CNS involvement compared with serum analyses alone. |
topic |
systemic lupus erythematosus neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) psychosis |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00226/full |
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doaj-c7d031a5e2e04c91b0f7931d85826a492020-11-24T21:40:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402019-04-011010.3389/fpsyt.2019.00226446943Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms and Antinuclear Antibody Detection in the Cerebrospinal FluidEva M. Lüngen0Eva M. Lüngen1Viktoria Maier2Viktoria Maier3Nils Venhoff4Ulrich Salzer5Rick Dersch6Benjamin Berger7Anne N. Riering8Kathrin Nickel9Kathrin Nickel10Bernd L. Fiebich11Patrick Süß12Patrick Süß13Simon J. Maier14Simon J. Maier15Karl Egger16Ludger Tebartz van Elst17Ludger Tebartz van Elst18Dominique Endres19Dominique Endres20Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySection for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySection for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySection for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySection for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Neuroradiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySection for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySection for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyBackground: Organic psychiatric disorders can be caused by immunological disorders, such as autoimmune encephalitis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE can affect most organs, as well as the central nervous system (CNS). In this paper, we describe a patient with an isolated psychiatric syndrome in the context of SLE and discuss the role of antibody detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Case presentation: The 22-year-old German male high school graduate presented with obsessive–compulsive and schizophreniform symptoms. He first experienced obsessive–compulsive symptoms at the age of 14. At the age of 19, his obsessive thoughts, hallucinations, diffuse anxiety, depressed mood, severe dizziness, and suicidal ideation became severe and did not respond to neuroleptic or antidepressant treatment. Due to increased antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) with anti-nucleosome specificity in serum and CSF, complement activation, multiple bilateral white matter lesions, and inflammatory CSF alterations, we classified the complex syndrome as an isolated psychiatric variant of SLE. Immunosuppressive treatment with two times high-dose steroids, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine led to a slow but convincing improvement.Conclusion: Some patients with psychiatric syndromes and increased ANA titers may suffer from psychiatric variants of SLE, even if the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE are not met. Whether the psychiatric symptoms in our patient represent a prodromal stage with the later manifestation of full-blown SLE or a subtype of SLE with isolated CNS involvement remains unclear. Regardless, early diagnosis and initiation of immunosuppressive treatment are essential steps in preventing further disease progression and organ damage. Intrathecal ANAs with extractable nuclear antigen differentiation may be a more sensitive marker of CNS involvement compared with serum analyses alone.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00226/fullsystemic lupus erythematosusneuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosusschizophreniaobsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)psychosis |