Definition and Classification of Heart Failure
A review of the definition and classification of heart failure, updated since the recent 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Heart failure is defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as a clinical syndrome char...
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doaj-c7f9b4921e1249399cbda9109e4821ee2020-11-24T23:53:40ZengBarcaray InternationalInternational Cardiovascular Forum Journal2410-26362409-34242017-01-011037https://doi.org/10.17987/icfj.v10i0.419Definition and Classification of Heart FailureMitja Lainscak0Ilaria Spoletini1Andrew JS Coats2Department of Cardiology and Department of Research and Education, General Hospital Celje, Celje, SloveniaCentre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, ItalyMonash University, Australia and University of Warwick, UKA review of the definition and classification of heart failure, updated since the recent 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Heart failure is defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as a clinical syndrome characterised by symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent coughing or wheezing, ankle swelling and fatigue, that may be accompanied by the following signs: jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles, increased heart rate and peripheral oedema. However, these signs may not be present in the early stages and in patients treated with diuretics. When apparent, they are due to a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality, leading to systolic and/or diastolic ventricular dysfunction, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intra- cardiac pressures at rest or during stress. According to the most recent ESC guidelines the initial evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure should include a clinical history and physical examination, laboratory assessment, chest radiography, and electrocardiography. Echocardiography can confirm the diagnosis. Beyond detecting myocardial abnormality, other impairments such as abnormalities of the valves, pericardium, endocardium, heart rhythm, and conduction may be found. The identification of the underlying aetiology is pivotal for the diagnosis of heart failure and its treatment. The authors review the definitions and classifications of heart failure.http://icfjournal.org/index.php/icfj/article/view/419/419Heart FailureGuidelinesClassificationDefinition |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mitja Lainscak Ilaria Spoletini Andrew JS Coats |
spellingShingle |
Mitja Lainscak Ilaria Spoletini Andrew JS Coats Definition and Classification of Heart Failure International Cardiovascular Forum Journal Heart Failure Guidelines Classification Definition |
author_facet |
Mitja Lainscak Ilaria Spoletini Andrew JS Coats |
author_sort |
Mitja Lainscak |
title |
Definition and Classification of Heart Failure |
title_short |
Definition and Classification of Heart Failure |
title_full |
Definition and Classification of Heart Failure |
title_fullStr |
Definition and Classification of Heart Failure |
title_full_unstemmed |
Definition and Classification of Heart Failure |
title_sort |
definition and classification of heart failure |
publisher |
Barcaray International |
series |
International Cardiovascular Forum Journal |
issn |
2410-2636 2409-3424 |
publishDate |
2017-01-01 |
description |
A review of the definition and classification of heart failure, updated since the recent 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Heart failure is defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as a clinical syndrome characterised by symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent coughing or wheezing, ankle swelling and fatigue, that may be accompanied by the following signs: jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles, increased heart rate and peripheral oedema. However, these signs may not be present in the early stages and in patients treated with diuretics. When apparent, they are due to a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality, leading to systolic and/or diastolic ventricular dysfunction, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intra- cardiac pressures at rest or during stress. According to the most recent ESC guidelines the initial evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure should include a clinical history and physical examination, laboratory assessment, chest radiography, and electrocardiography. Echocardiography can confirm the diagnosis. Beyond detecting myocardial abnormality, other impairments such as abnormalities of the valves, pericardium, endocardium, heart rhythm, and conduction may be found. The identification of the underlying aetiology is pivotal for the diagnosis of heart failure and its treatment. The authors review the definitions and classifications of heart failure. |
topic |
Heart Failure Guidelines Classification Definition |
url |
http://icfjournal.org/index.php/icfj/article/view/419/419 |
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