An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads
Matrix embedding (ME) code is a commonly used steganography technique, which uses linear block codes to improve embedding efficiency. However, its main disadvantage is the inability to perform maximum likelihood decoding due to the high complexity of decoding large ME codes. As such, it is difficult...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/13/1577 |
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doaj-c818de72d9ed44ba93898c667e025be52021-07-15T15:41:46ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902021-07-0191577157710.3390/math9131577An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small PayloadsJyun-Jie Wang0Chi-Yuan Lin1Sheng-Chih Yang2Hsi-Yuan Chang3Yin-Chen Lin4Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, TaiwanPh. D. Program, Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanMatrix embedding (ME) code is a commonly used steganography technique, which uses linear block codes to improve embedding efficiency. However, its main disadvantage is the inability to perform maximum likelihood decoding due to the high complexity of decoding large ME codes. As such, it is difficult to improve the embedding efficiency. The proposed q-ary embedding code can provide excellent embedding efficiency and is suitable for various embedding rates (large and small payloads). This article discusses that by using perforation technology, a convolutional code with a high embedding rate can be easily converted into a convolutional code with a low embedding rate. By keeping the embedding rate of the (2, 1) convolutional code unchanged, convolutional codes with different embedding rates can be designed through puncturing.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/13/1577q-ary codesmatrix embeddingoptimal designmaximum decodingconvolutional codes |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Jyun-Jie Wang Chi-Yuan Lin Sheng-Chih Yang Hsi-Yuan Chang Yin-Chen Lin |
| spellingShingle |
Jyun-Jie Wang Chi-Yuan Lin Sheng-Chih Yang Hsi-Yuan Chang Yin-Chen Lin An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads Mathematics q-ary codes matrix embedding optimal design maximum decoding convolutional codes |
| author_facet |
Jyun-Jie Wang Chi-Yuan Lin Sheng-Chih Yang Hsi-Yuan Chang Yin-Chen Lin |
| author_sort |
Jyun-Jie Wang |
| title |
An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads |
| title_short |
An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads |
| title_full |
An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads |
| title_fullStr |
An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads |
| title_full_unstemmed |
An Embedding Strategy Using Q-Ary Convolutional Codes for Large and Small Payloads |
| title_sort |
embedding strategy using q-ary convolutional codes for large and small payloads |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Mathematics |
| issn |
2227-7390 |
| publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
| description |
Matrix embedding (ME) code is a commonly used steganography technique, which uses linear block codes to improve embedding efficiency. However, its main disadvantage is the inability to perform maximum likelihood decoding due to the high complexity of decoding large ME codes. As such, it is difficult to improve the embedding efficiency. The proposed q-ary embedding code can provide excellent embedding efficiency and is suitable for various embedding rates (large and small payloads). This article discusses that by using perforation technology, a convolutional code with a high embedding rate can be easily converted into a convolutional code with a low embedding rate. By keeping the embedding rate of the (2, 1) convolutional code unchanged, convolutional codes with different embedding rates can be designed through puncturing. |
| topic |
q-ary codes matrix embedding optimal design maximum decoding convolutional codes |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/13/1577 |
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