Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative Events
The brain is one of the most exquisite organs in the body with high metabolic demands, and requires a tight regulation of the surrounding environment. This tight control is exerted by the neurovascular unit (NVU) comprising different cell types, where endothelial cells play the commander-in-chief ro...
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doaj-c84003011b8a467dbb3c0a903503d8812020-11-24T21:12:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-07-01910.3389/fphys.2018.00806365394Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative EventsCristina Carvalho0Cristina Carvalho1Paula I. Moreira2Paula I. Moreira3CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalInstitute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalLaboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalThe brain is one of the most exquisite organs in the body with high metabolic demands, and requires a tight regulation of the surrounding environment. This tight control is exerted by the neurovascular unit (NVU) comprising different cell types, where endothelial cells play the commander-in-chief role. Thus, it is assumable that even slight perturbations in NVU might affect, in some cases irreversibly, brain homeostasis and health. In this line, recent findings support the two-hit vascular hypothesis for neurodegenerative conditions, where vascular dysfunction underlies the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Knowing that endothelial cells are rich in mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, two major reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources, this review aims to gather information on how oxidative stress is in the front line of vascular alterations observed in brain aging and neurodegenerative conditions, particularly AD. Also, a brief discussion about the therapeutic strategies aimed to protect against cerebrovascular diseases is included.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00806/fullneurovascular unitendothelial cellsoxidative stressmitochondriaNADPH oxidasesAlzheimer’s disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Cristina Carvalho Cristina Carvalho Paula I. Moreira Paula I. Moreira |
spellingShingle |
Cristina Carvalho Cristina Carvalho Paula I. Moreira Paula I. Moreira Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative Events Frontiers in Physiology neurovascular unit endothelial cells oxidative stress mitochondria NADPH oxidases Alzheimer’s disease |
author_facet |
Cristina Carvalho Cristina Carvalho Paula I. Moreira Paula I. Moreira |
author_sort |
Cristina Carvalho |
title |
Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative Events |
title_short |
Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative Events |
title_full |
Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative Events |
title_fullStr |
Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative Events |
title_full_unstemmed |
Oxidative Stress: A Major Player in Cerebrovascular Alterations Associated to Neurodegenerative Events |
title_sort |
oxidative stress: a major player in cerebrovascular alterations associated to neurodegenerative events |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physiology |
issn |
1664-042X |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
The brain is one of the most exquisite organs in the body with high metabolic demands, and requires a tight regulation of the surrounding environment. This tight control is exerted by the neurovascular unit (NVU) comprising different cell types, where endothelial cells play the commander-in-chief role. Thus, it is assumable that even slight perturbations in NVU might affect, in some cases irreversibly, brain homeostasis and health. In this line, recent findings support the two-hit vascular hypothesis for neurodegenerative conditions, where vascular dysfunction underlies the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Knowing that endothelial cells are rich in mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, two major reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources, this review aims to gather information on how oxidative stress is in the front line of vascular alterations observed in brain aging and neurodegenerative conditions, particularly AD. Also, a brief discussion about the therapeutic strategies aimed to protect against cerebrovascular diseases is included. |
topic |
neurovascular unit endothelial cells oxidative stress mitochondria NADPH oxidases Alzheimer’s disease |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00806/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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