Net CO₂ fossil fuel emissions of Tokyo estimated directly from measurements of the Tsukuba TCCON site and radiosondes

• Main Authors: A. Babenhauserheide, F. Hase, I. Morino
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2020-05-01
• Series: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• Online Access: https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/13/2697/2020/amt-13-2697-2020.pdf

<p>We present a simple statistical approach for estimating the greenhouse gas emissions of large cities using accurate long-term data of column-averaged greenhouse gas abundances collected by a nearby FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer. This approach is then used to estimate carbon dioxide emissions from Tokyo.</p> <p>FTIR measurements by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) derive gas abundances by quantitative spectral analysis of molecular absorption bands observed in near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Consequently these measurements only include daytime data.</p> <p>The emissions of Tokyo are derived by binning measurements according to wind direction and subtracting measurements of wind fields from outside the Tokyo area from measurements of wind fields from inside the Tokyo area.</p> <p>We estimate the average yearly carbon dioxide emissions from the area of Tokyo to be <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">70</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">21</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">MtC</mi><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">yr</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="97pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a4841ed10cd3915f3dc0c8f93b069eca"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-2697-2020-ie00001.svg" width="97pt" height="15pt" src="amt-13-2697-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> between 2011 and 2016, calculated using only measurements from the TCCON site in Tsukuba (north-east of Tokyo) and wind-speed data from nearby radiosondes at Tateno. The uncertainties are estimated from the distribution of values and uncertainties of parameters (<span class="inline-formula">±21</span>) and from the differences between fitting residuals with polynomials or with sines and cosines (<span class="inline-formula">±6</span>).</p> <p>Our estimates are a factor of 1.7 higher than estimates using the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide emission inventory (ODIAC), but when results are scaled by the expected daily cycle of emissions, measurements simulated from ODIAC data are within the uncertainty of our results.</p> <p>The goal of this study is not to calculate the best possible estimate of <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> emissions but to describe a simple method which can be replicated easily and uses only observation data.</p>