Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health Study
Background: Living in greener areas has many health benefits, but evidence concerning the effects on blood pressure remains mixed. We sought to assess associations between community greenness and both blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese urban dwellers, and whether the associations were mediat...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-05-01
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Series: | Environment International |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018328794 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bo-Yi Yang Iana Markevych Michael S. Bloom Joachim Heinrich Yuming Guo Lidia Morawska Shyamali C. Dharmage Luke D. Knibbs Bin Jalaludin Pasi Jalava Xiao-Wen Zeng Li-Wen Hu Kang-Kang Liu Guang-Hui Dong |
spellingShingle |
Bo-Yi Yang Iana Markevych Michael S. Bloom Joachim Heinrich Yuming Guo Lidia Morawska Shyamali C. Dharmage Luke D. Knibbs Bin Jalaludin Pasi Jalava Xiao-Wen Zeng Li-Wen Hu Kang-Kang Liu Guang-Hui Dong Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health Study Environment International |
author_facet |
Bo-Yi Yang Iana Markevych Michael S. Bloom Joachim Heinrich Yuming Guo Lidia Morawska Shyamali C. Dharmage Luke D. Knibbs Bin Jalaludin Pasi Jalava Xiao-Wen Zeng Li-Wen Hu Kang-Kang Liu Guang-Hui Dong |
author_sort |
Bo-Yi Yang |
title |
Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health Study |
title_short |
Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health Study |
title_full |
Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health Study |
title_fullStr |
Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health Study |
title_sort |
community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: the 33 communities chinese health study |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Environment International |
issn |
0160-4120 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Background: Living in greener areas has many health benefits, but evidence concerning the effects on blood pressure remains mixed. We sought to assess associations between community greenness and both blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese urban dwellers, and whether the associations were mediated by air pollution, body mass index, and physical activity. Methods: We analyzed data from 24,845 adults participating in the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study, which was conducted in Northeastern China during 2009. We measured each participant's blood pressure according to a standardized protocol. We assessed community greenness using two satellite-derived vegetation indexes – the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). Particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and nitrogen dioxide were used as proxies of ambient air pollution. We applied generalized linear mixed models to investigate the association between greenness and blood pressure. We also performed mediation analyses. Results: Living in greener areas was associated with lower blood pressure and hypertension prevalence; an interquartile range increase in both NDVI500-m and SAVI500-m were significantly associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure of 0.82 mm Hg (95% CI: −1.13, −0.51) and 0.89 mm Hg (95% CI: −1.21, −0.57), respectively. The same increases in greenness were also significantly associated with a 5% (95% CI: 1%, 8%) and 5% (95% CI: 1%, 9%) lower odds of having hypertension, respectively. These associations remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. The associations were stronger among women than men. Air pollutants and body mass index partly mediated the associations, but there was no evidence of mediation effects for physical activity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate beneficial associations between community greenness and blood pressure in Chinese adults, especially for women. Air pollution and body mass index only partly mediated the associations. Keywords: Greenness, Hypertension, Blood pressure, Mediation, Cross-sectional study, Chinese adults |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018328794 |
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doaj-c8a975a0315740d68f56b52d8fa982552020-11-25T02:49:16ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202019-05-01126727734Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: The 33 Communities Chinese Health StudyBo-Yi Yang0Iana Markevych1Michael S. Bloom2Joachim Heinrich3Yuming Guo4Lidia Morawska5Shyamali C. Dharmage6Luke D. Knibbs7Bin Jalaludin8Pasi Jalava9Xiao-Wen Zeng10Li-Wen Hu11Kang-Kang Liu12Guang-Hui Dong13Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaInstitute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, GermanyDepartments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USAInstitute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, AustraliaInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, AustraliaAllergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3010, AustraliaSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, AustraliaCentre for Air Quality and Health Research and Evaluation, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia; Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, AustraliaDepartment of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, FinlandGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Corresponding author at: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China.Background: Living in greener areas has many health benefits, but evidence concerning the effects on blood pressure remains mixed. We sought to assess associations between community greenness and both blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese urban dwellers, and whether the associations were mediated by air pollution, body mass index, and physical activity. Methods: We analyzed data from 24,845 adults participating in the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study, which was conducted in Northeastern China during 2009. We measured each participant's blood pressure according to a standardized protocol. We assessed community greenness using two satellite-derived vegetation indexes – the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). Particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and nitrogen dioxide were used as proxies of ambient air pollution. We applied generalized linear mixed models to investigate the association between greenness and blood pressure. We also performed mediation analyses. Results: Living in greener areas was associated with lower blood pressure and hypertension prevalence; an interquartile range increase in both NDVI500-m and SAVI500-m were significantly associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure of 0.82 mm Hg (95% CI: −1.13, −0.51) and 0.89 mm Hg (95% CI: −1.21, −0.57), respectively. The same increases in greenness were also significantly associated with a 5% (95% CI: 1%, 8%) and 5% (95% CI: 1%, 9%) lower odds of having hypertension, respectively. These associations remained consistent in sensitivity analyses. The associations were stronger among women than men. Air pollutants and body mass index partly mediated the associations, but there was no evidence of mediation effects for physical activity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate beneficial associations between community greenness and blood pressure in Chinese adults, especially for women. Air pollution and body mass index only partly mediated the associations. Keywords: Greenness, Hypertension, Blood pressure, Mediation, Cross-sectional study, Chinese adultshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018328794 |