Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's disease

Introduction: Hyposmia and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) are characteristic markers of Parkinson's disease (PD), although their diagnostic value in isolation may be limited. We evaluated the combined prevalence of both disorders in patients diagnosed with PD and assessed their diagno...

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Main Authors: N. López Hernández, A. García Escrivá, M. Shalabi Benavent
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier España 2015-10-01
Series:Neurología (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580815001169
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spelling doaj-c8eb22413e15469c901e432586cc9d2a2020-11-24T20:49:04ZengElsevier EspañaNeurología (English Edition)2173-58082015-10-01308496501Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's diseaseN. López Hernández0A. García Escrivá1M. Shalabi Benavent2Servicio de Neurología, Hospital IMED Levante, Benidorm, Alicante, Spain; Corresponding author.Servicio de Neurología, Hospital IMED Levante, Benidorm, Alicante, SpainServicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital de Torrevieja, Torrevieja, Alicante, SpainIntroduction: Hyposmia and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) are characteristic markers of Parkinson's disease (PD), although their diagnostic value in isolation may be limited. We evaluated the combined prevalence of both disorders in patients diagnosed with PD and assessed their diagnostic yield compared to a sample with essential tremor (ET) and another group of healthy subjects. Methods: Patients diagnosed with PD and ET and treated in our outpatient clinic were enrolled. Olfaction was assessed using the “Sniffin Sticks” odour identification test (SS-12) and hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN+) was assessed by transcranial duplex ultrasound. Results: A total of 98 subjects were analysed, comprising 30 with PD, 21 with ET, and 47 controls. The respective prevalence rates of hyposmia (SS-12 < 8) and SN+ (area > 0.24 cm2) were 70% and 83.3% in PD, 33.3% and 9.5% in ET, and 17% and 10.6% in controls. Both markers were present in 63% of patients with PD, none of the patients with ET, and only 2 of the controls. Conclusions: Combined use of substantia nigra sonography and olfactory testing with SS-12, two rapid, safe, and accessible tests, was more specific than each isolated marker for distinguishing patients with PD from patients with ET and control subjects. Since both markers have been described in very early phases of PD, combined use may be helpful in providing early diagnosis of PD. Resumen: Introducción: La hiposmia y la hiperecogenicidad de la sustancia negra (SN+) son marcadores característicos de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), aunque su valour diagnóstico de forma aislada puede ser limitado. Se evalúa la prevalencia combinada de ambos marcadores en pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) y su rentabilidad diagnóstica frente a una muestra con temblor esencial (TE) y otra de sujetos sanos. Métodos: Se incluyó a pacientes con diagnóstico de EP y TE procedentes de nuestra consulta externa. La olfación se evaluó con el test de identificación de olores Sniffin Sticks test (SS-12) y la evaluación de la sustancia negra mediante dúplex transcraneal. Resultados: Se evaluó a 98 individuos, 30 con diagnóstico de EP, 21 con TE y 47 controles. Las prevalencias de hiposmia (SS-12 < 8) e hiperecogenicidad de SN (área > 0,24 cm2) fueron del 70 y el 83,3% en EP, el 33,3 y el 9,5% en TE y el 17 y el 10,6% en los controles, respectivamente. La combinación de ambos marcadores estaba presente en el 63% de los pacientes con EP y en ninguno de los pacientes con TE y solo en 2 de los controles. Conclusiones: La evaluación combinada de la evaluación olfativa mediante el SS-12 y de la sustancia negra mediante ecografía, 2 test rápidos, inocuos y accesibles, mejora la especificidad aislada que cada marcador tiene en el diagnóstico de la EP frente a pacientes con TE o controles. Dado que ambos marcadores se han descrito en fases muy precoces de la EP, su aplicación podría ayudarnos en su diagnóstico precoz. Keywords: Diagnostic markers, Parkinson's disease, Olfactory dysfunction, Transcranial sonography, Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity, Palabras clave: Marcadores diagnósticos, Enfermedad de Parkinson, Disfunción olfatoria, Ecografía transcraneal, Hiperecogenicidad de sustancia negrahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580815001169
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author N. López Hernández
A. García Escrivá
M. Shalabi Benavent
spellingShingle N. López Hernández
A. García Escrivá
M. Shalabi Benavent
Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's disease
Neurología (English Edition)
author_facet N. López Hernández
A. García Escrivá
M. Shalabi Benavent
author_sort N. López Hernández
title Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's disease
title_short Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's disease
title_full Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's disease
title_fullStr Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's disease
title_full_unstemmed Diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for Parkinson's disease
title_sort diagnostic value of combined assessment of olfaction and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity for parkinson's disease
publisher Elsevier España
series Neurología (English Edition)
issn 2173-5808
publishDate 2015-10-01
description Introduction: Hyposmia and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) are characteristic markers of Parkinson's disease (PD), although their diagnostic value in isolation may be limited. We evaluated the combined prevalence of both disorders in patients diagnosed with PD and assessed their diagnostic yield compared to a sample with essential tremor (ET) and another group of healthy subjects. Methods: Patients diagnosed with PD and ET and treated in our outpatient clinic were enrolled. Olfaction was assessed using the “Sniffin Sticks” odour identification test (SS-12) and hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN+) was assessed by transcranial duplex ultrasound. Results: A total of 98 subjects were analysed, comprising 30 with PD, 21 with ET, and 47 controls. The respective prevalence rates of hyposmia (SS-12 < 8) and SN+ (area > 0.24 cm2) were 70% and 83.3% in PD, 33.3% and 9.5% in ET, and 17% and 10.6% in controls. Both markers were present in 63% of patients with PD, none of the patients with ET, and only 2 of the controls. Conclusions: Combined use of substantia nigra sonography and olfactory testing with SS-12, two rapid, safe, and accessible tests, was more specific than each isolated marker for distinguishing patients with PD from patients with ET and control subjects. Since both markers have been described in very early phases of PD, combined use may be helpful in providing early diagnosis of PD. Resumen: Introducción: La hiposmia y la hiperecogenicidad de la sustancia negra (SN+) son marcadores característicos de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), aunque su valour diagnóstico de forma aislada puede ser limitado. Se evalúa la prevalencia combinada de ambos marcadores en pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) y su rentabilidad diagnóstica frente a una muestra con temblor esencial (TE) y otra de sujetos sanos. Métodos: Se incluyó a pacientes con diagnóstico de EP y TE procedentes de nuestra consulta externa. La olfación se evaluó con el test de identificación de olores Sniffin Sticks test (SS-12) y la evaluación de la sustancia negra mediante dúplex transcraneal. Resultados: Se evaluó a 98 individuos, 30 con diagnóstico de EP, 21 con TE y 47 controles. Las prevalencias de hiposmia (SS-12 < 8) e hiperecogenicidad de SN (área > 0,24 cm2) fueron del 70 y el 83,3% en EP, el 33,3 y el 9,5% en TE y el 17 y el 10,6% en los controles, respectivamente. La combinación de ambos marcadores estaba presente en el 63% de los pacientes con EP y en ninguno de los pacientes con TE y solo en 2 de los controles. Conclusiones: La evaluación combinada de la evaluación olfativa mediante el SS-12 y de la sustancia negra mediante ecografía, 2 test rápidos, inocuos y accesibles, mejora la especificidad aislada que cada marcador tiene en el diagnóstico de la EP frente a pacientes con TE o controles. Dado que ambos marcadores se han descrito en fases muy precoces de la EP, su aplicación podría ayudarnos en su diagnóstico precoz. Keywords: Diagnostic markers, Parkinson's disease, Olfactory dysfunction, Transcranial sonography, Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity, Palabras clave: Marcadores diagnósticos, Enfermedad de Parkinson, Disfunción olfatoria, Ecografía transcraneal, Hiperecogenicidad de sustancia negra
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580815001169
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