| Summary: | Katriina Tiira1,2 1SmartDOG, Riihimäki 11130, Finland; 2Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandCorrespondence: Katriina TiiraDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Helsinki FI-00014, FinlandEmail Katriina.tiira@helsinki.fiAbstract: What are the key factors of psychological resilience in dogs? Why do some individuals recover swiftly from neglect, abuse or several years of harsh kennel environments, while some seem to be permanently traumatized by much milder adverse experiences? Resilience is a concept seldom discussed in canine studies; however, many studies have identified risk factors (both environmental and genetic) for developing anxieties, aggression or other behavioral problems. These studies also indicate several factors that may act as protective agents against life adversities. In this paper, I will present some of the most commonly identified key factors of resilience in other species and discuss what has been found in dogs. This paper is an attempt to raise focus on the positive key factors in a dog’s life that are important for dog welfare, a healthy psychological outcome and are also important building blocks of a happy and well-behaving pet.Keywords: resilience, dog, stress
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