| Summary: | In the current market conditions that have been formed there is a rather active increase in production volume scrop production. This is done in the face of significant structural changes in the agrarian sector, accompanied by the introduction of modern intensive technologies using new varieties and hybrids, often overseas selection. Such significant changes in crop production, in our opinion, are not accompanied by proper monitoring of changes in the agro-ecological state of soils.
The analysis of changes of various components of the cycle of nutrient elements for arable land has been carried out, starting from 1990 till now. The changes that have taken place with the use of the main types of agrochemicals, in particular the introduction of nutrients with mineral and organic fertilizers, the use of meliorants for chemical melioration of acid soils, have been analyzed. The dynamics observed with the introduction of macronutrients with fertilizers during the years of independence was shown and how it affected the productivity of agriculture and the balance of nutrients and humus in arable soils. The analysis showed that in the mid-1990s and during the first decade of the current century a persistent deficiency of macronutrients for arable soils was formed due to a significant excess of alienation of nutrients with a commodity part of the harvest from the fields compared with the amount of nutrients introduced from fertilizers. There is an imbalance between individual types of macrofertilizers. About 70 % of all mineral fertilizers are nitrogen fertilizers. Gradual intensification of production in agriculture, which is accompanied by an increase in the yield of major crops, and hence an increase in the removal of nutrients, is not compensated for by the full extent of fertilization.
An analysis of the current state, formed with the balance of nutrient elements and humus in agricultural practices, has shown that at present the formation of crops is largely due to the use of existing soil fertility potential. The dynamics of the basic agrochemical indicators, the content of humus shows that there is a gradual deterioration of the basic agro-ecological characteristics of arable soils. The imbalance in nutrients, organic matter in soils leads to increased soil degradation and, in the long run, calls into question the possibility of further increasing the production of crop production and also poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of the agrarian sector.
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