The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure
Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a natural, highly unstable atmospheric gas that rapidly decomposes to oxygen. Although not being a radical molecule, O<sub>3</sub> is a very strong oxidant and therefore it is potentially toxic for living organisms. However, scientific evidence proved...
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doaj-c93ddc9014904f87a56860ef5641629f2020-11-25T01:57:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-08-012016400910.3390/ijms20164009ijms20164009The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone ExposureMirco Galiè0Viviana Covi1Gabriele Tabaracci2Manuela Malatesta3Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, ItalySan Rocco Clinic, Via Monsignor G. V. Moreni 95, I-25018 Montichiari (BS), ItalySan Rocco Clinic, Via Monsignor G. V. Moreni 95, I-25018 Montichiari (BS), ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, ItalyOzone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a natural, highly unstable atmospheric gas that rapidly decomposes to oxygen. Although not being a radical molecule, O<sub>3</sub> is a very strong oxidant and therefore it is potentially toxic for living organisms. However, scientific evidence proved that the effects of O<sub>3</sub> exposure are dose-dependent: high dosages stimulate severe oxidative stress resulting in inflammatory response and tissue injury, whereas low O<sub>3</sub> concentrations induce a moderate oxidative eustress activating antioxidant pathways. These properties make O<sub>3</sub> a powerful medical tool, which can be used as either a disinfectant or an adjuvant agent in the therapy of numerous diseases. In this paper, the cellular mechanisms involved in the antioxidant response to O<sub>3</sub> exposure will be reviewed with special reference to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its role in the efficacy of ozone therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/16/4009ozone therapyoxidative stressproteostasismitochondriainflammationadipose biologycancer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mirco Galiè Viviana Covi Gabriele Tabaracci Manuela Malatesta |
spellingShingle |
Mirco Galiè Viviana Covi Gabriele Tabaracci Manuela Malatesta The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure International Journal of Molecular Sciences ozone therapy oxidative stress proteostasis mitochondria inflammation adipose biology cancer |
author_facet |
Mirco Galiè Viviana Covi Gabriele Tabaracci Manuela Malatesta |
author_sort |
Mirco Galiè |
title |
The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure |
title_short |
The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure |
title_full |
The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Nrf2 in the Antioxidant Cellular Response to Medical Ozone Exposure |
title_sort |
role of nrf2 in the antioxidant cellular response to medical ozone exposure |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a natural, highly unstable atmospheric gas that rapidly decomposes to oxygen. Although not being a radical molecule, O<sub>3</sub> is a very strong oxidant and therefore it is potentially toxic for living organisms. However, scientific evidence proved that the effects of O<sub>3</sub> exposure are dose-dependent: high dosages stimulate severe oxidative stress resulting in inflammatory response and tissue injury, whereas low O<sub>3</sub> concentrations induce a moderate oxidative eustress activating antioxidant pathways. These properties make O<sub>3</sub> a powerful medical tool, which can be used as either a disinfectant or an adjuvant agent in the therapy of numerous diseases. In this paper, the cellular mechanisms involved in the antioxidant response to O<sub>3</sub> exposure will be reviewed with special reference to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its role in the efficacy of ozone therapy. |
topic |
ozone therapy oxidative stress proteostasis mitochondria inflammation adipose biology cancer |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/16/4009 |
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