THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has shown promise in the treatment of conditions such as depression and chronic pain with mild-to-moderate adverse effects (AEs). Few previous studies have attempted to identify factors predicting tES-induced AEs. In particular, AEs resulting from repeated...
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The Finnish Foundation for Psychiatric Research
2020-11-01
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doaj-c943e4f80dd848dca215c16791ddffc02021-09-28T10:05:00ZengThe Finnish Foundation for Psychiatric ResearchPsychiatria Fennica2489-61522020-11-0151142161THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDYAaron Kortteenniemi0Alfredo Ortega-Alonso1Amir-Homayoun Javadi2Owen Thomas3Tommi Tolmunen4Tuukka Kotilainen5Jan Wikgren6Soili M. Lehto7Institute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern FinlandDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FinlandSchool of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England, Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University HospitalAcute Health Services, Iisalmi Regional Hospital, Iisalmi, FinlandCentre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of JyväskyläInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, R&D department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway, Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. FI-00029, Helsinki, FinlandTranscranial electrical stimulation (tES) has shown promise in the treatment of conditions such as depression and chronic pain with mild-to-moderate adverse effects (AEs). Few previous studies have attempted to identify factors predicting tES-induced AEs. In particular, AEs resulting from repeated sessions of tES remain understudied. We conducted an exploratory retrospective analysis of two independent randomized controlled studies to investigate whether lifestyle factors (i.e. chronic alcohol use, smoking, exercise, and quality and length of sleep) modify the severity and frequency of tES-induced AEs, and evaluated the progression of AEs over repeated sessions. We utilized two double-blinded samples: 1) a male sample (n=82) randomized to receive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or sham for 5 days, and 2) a mixed-sex sample (n=60) who received both transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) and sham in a crossover setting. The severity of AEs was recorded on a scale of 0-100. The data was analysed using negative binomial models. In addition, we performed power calculations and, to guide future research, evaluated the numbers of individuals needed to detect non-significant observations as significant. By day 5, the tDCS group experienced more sensations under the electrodes than the sham group. Alcohol use, smoking, exercise, or quality or duration of sleep did not appear to be associated with the intensity of the AEs. The subsequent power analyses indicated that substantially larger samples would be needed to detect the observed associations as significant. Repetitive sessions do not appear to introduce additional AE burden to individuals receiving either tDCS or tRNS, at least with protocols lasting up to 5 days. Alcohol use, smoking, exercise, or quality or duration of sleep appear to only have an effect of negligible size, if any, on AEs induced by tDCS or tRNS, and studies with sample sizes ranging from roughly 100 individuals to hundreds of thousands of individuals would be required to detect such effects as significant.https://www.psykiatriantutkimussaatio.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Psychiatria_Fennica-2020_Kortteenniemi-et-al..pdftdcstrnsbrain stimulationadverse effects |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Aaron Kortteenniemi Alfredo Ortega-Alonso Amir-Homayoun Javadi Owen Thomas Tommi Tolmunen Tuukka Kotilainen Jan Wikgren Soili M. Lehto |
spellingShingle |
Aaron Kortteenniemi Alfredo Ortega-Alonso Amir-Homayoun Javadi Owen Thomas Tommi Tolmunen Tuukka Kotilainen Jan Wikgren Soili M. Lehto THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY Psychiatria Fennica tdcs trns brain stimulation adverse effects |
author_facet |
Aaron Kortteenniemi Alfredo Ortega-Alonso Amir-Homayoun Javadi Owen Thomas Tommi Tolmunen Tuukka Kotilainen Jan Wikgren Soili M. Lehto |
author_sort |
Aaron Kortteenniemi |
title |
THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY |
title_short |
THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY |
title_full |
THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY |
title_fullStr |
THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY |
title_full_unstemmed |
THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON THE INTENSITY OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SINGLE AND REPEATED SESSION PROTOCOLS OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY |
title_sort |
impact of lifestyle factors on the intensity of adverse effects in single and repeated session protocols of transcranial electrical stimulation: an exploratory pilot study |
publisher |
The Finnish Foundation for Psychiatric Research |
series |
Psychiatria Fennica |
issn |
2489-6152 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has shown promise in the treatment of conditions such as depression and chronic pain
with mild-to-moderate adverse effects (AEs). Few previous studies have attempted to identify factors predicting tES-induced
AEs. In particular, AEs resulting from repeated sessions of tES remain understudied. We conducted an exploratory retrospective
analysis of two independent randomized controlled studies to investigate whether lifestyle factors (i.e. chronic alcohol use,
smoking, exercise, and quality and length of sleep) modify the severity and frequency of tES-induced AEs, and evaluated the
progression of AEs over repeated sessions.
We utilized two double-blinded samples: 1) a male sample (n=82) randomized to receive transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS) or sham for 5 days, and 2) a mixed-sex sample (n=60) who received both transcranial random noise
stimulation (tRNS) and sham in a crossover setting. The severity of AEs was recorded on a scale of 0-100. The data was
analysed using negative binomial models. In addition, we performed power calculations and, to guide future research,
evaluated the numbers of individuals needed to detect non-significant observations as significant.
By day 5, the tDCS group experienced more sensations under the electrodes than the sham group. Alcohol use, smoking,
exercise, or quality or duration of sleep did not appear to be associated with the intensity of the AEs. The subsequent power
analyses indicated that substantially larger samples would be needed to detect the observed associations as significant.
Repetitive sessions do not appear to introduce additional AE burden to individuals receiving either tDCS or tRNS, at
least with protocols lasting up to 5 days. Alcohol use, smoking, exercise, or quality or duration of sleep appear to only have
an effect of negligible size, if any, on AEs induced by tDCS or tRNS, and studies with sample sizes ranging from roughly 100
individuals to hundreds of thousands of individuals would be required to detect such effects as significant. |
topic |
tdcs trns brain stimulation adverse effects |
url |
https://www.psykiatriantutkimussaatio.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Psychiatria_Fennica-2020_Kortteenniemi-et-al..pdf |
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