Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment.
The nucleolus, the ribosomal factory of the cell, has emerged as a key player that regulates many aspects of cell biology. Several thousand proteins associate at least transiently with nucleoli, thereby generating a highly dynamic compartment with a protein profile which is sensitive to changes in c...
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doaj-c9548d5ee0f84ba0abe56da095f67f8d2020-11-25T02:29:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-01811e8023710.1371/journal.pone.0080237Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment.Haitong SuMohamed KodihaSunghoon LeeUrsula StochajThe nucleolus, the ribosomal factory of the cell, has emerged as a key player that regulates many aspects of cell biology. Several thousand proteins associate at least transiently with nucleoli, thereby generating a highly dynamic compartment with a protein profile which is sensitive to changes in cell physiology and pharmacological agents. Powerful tools that reliably demarcate the nucleoli are a prerequisite to measure their composition and activities. Previously, we developed quantitative methods to measure fluorescently labeled molecules in nucleoli. While these tools identify nucleoli under control and mild stress conditions, the accurate detection of nucleolar boundaries under harsh experimental conditions is complicated by the lack of appropriate markers for the nucleolar compartment. Using fluorescence microscopy we have now identified new marker proteins to detect nucleoli upon (a) severe stress and (b) drug treatments that trigger a pronounced reorganization of nucleoli. Our results demonstrate that nucleolin is an ideal marker to delimit nucleoli when cells are exposed to heat or oxidative stress. Furthermore, we show for the first time that cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) and human antigen R protein (HuR) are excluded from nucleoli and can be employed to delimit these compartments under severe conditions that redistribute major nucleolar proteins. As proof-of-principle, we used these markers to demarcate nucleoli in cells treated with pharmacological compounds that disrupt the nucleolar organization. Furthermore, to gain new insights into the biology of the nucleolus, we applied our protocols and quantified stress- and drug-induced changes in nucleolar organization and function. Finally, we show that CAS, HuR and nucleolin not only identify nucleoli in optical sections, but are also suitable to demarcate the nucleolar border following 3D reconstruction. Taken together, our studies present novel marker proteins that delimit nucleoli with high confidence under a variety of experimental settings.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3819286?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Haitong Su Mohamed Kodiha Sunghoon Lee Ursula Stochaj |
spellingShingle |
Haitong Su Mohamed Kodiha Sunghoon Lee Ursula Stochaj Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Haitong Su Mohamed Kodiha Sunghoon Lee Ursula Stochaj |
author_sort |
Haitong Su |
title |
Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. |
title_short |
Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. |
title_full |
Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. |
title_fullStr |
Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. |
title_sort |
identification of novel markers that demarcate the nucleolus during severe stress and chemotherapeutic treatment. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2013-01-01 |
description |
The nucleolus, the ribosomal factory of the cell, has emerged as a key player that regulates many aspects of cell biology. Several thousand proteins associate at least transiently with nucleoli, thereby generating a highly dynamic compartment with a protein profile which is sensitive to changes in cell physiology and pharmacological agents. Powerful tools that reliably demarcate the nucleoli are a prerequisite to measure their composition and activities. Previously, we developed quantitative methods to measure fluorescently labeled molecules in nucleoli. While these tools identify nucleoli under control and mild stress conditions, the accurate detection of nucleolar boundaries under harsh experimental conditions is complicated by the lack of appropriate markers for the nucleolar compartment. Using fluorescence microscopy we have now identified new marker proteins to detect nucleoli upon (a) severe stress and (b) drug treatments that trigger a pronounced reorganization of nucleoli. Our results demonstrate that nucleolin is an ideal marker to delimit nucleoli when cells are exposed to heat or oxidative stress. Furthermore, we show for the first time that cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) and human antigen R protein (HuR) are excluded from nucleoli and can be employed to delimit these compartments under severe conditions that redistribute major nucleolar proteins. As proof-of-principle, we used these markers to demarcate nucleoli in cells treated with pharmacological compounds that disrupt the nucleolar organization. Furthermore, to gain new insights into the biology of the nucleolus, we applied our protocols and quantified stress- and drug-induced changes in nucleolar organization and function. Finally, we show that CAS, HuR and nucleolin not only identify nucleoli in optical sections, but are also suitable to demarcate the nucleolar border following 3D reconstruction. Taken together, our studies present novel marker proteins that delimit nucleoli with high confidence under a variety of experimental settings. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3819286?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT haitongsu identificationofnovelmarkersthatdemarcatethenucleolusduringseverestressandchemotherapeutictreatment AT mohamedkodiha identificationofnovelmarkersthatdemarcatethenucleolusduringseverestressandchemotherapeutictreatment AT sunghoonlee identificationofnovelmarkersthatdemarcatethenucleolusduringseverestressandchemotherapeutictreatment AT ursulastochaj identificationofnovelmarkersthatdemarcatethenucleolusduringseverestressandchemotherapeutictreatment |
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