Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2
Abstract This contribution describes the ocean biogeochemical component of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM4.1), assesses GFDL‐ESM4.1's capacity to capture observed ocean biogeochemical patterns, and documents its response to increasing atmospher...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002043 |
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doaj-c958982c2c9c4ce9bea66c78806bd8152021-08-09T08:30:33ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems1942-24662020-10-011210n/an/a10.1029/2019MS002043Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2Charles A. Stock0John P. Dunne1Songmiao Fan2Paul Ginoux3Jasmin John4John P. Krasting5Charlotte Laufkötter6Fabien Paulot7Niki Zadeh8National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USANational Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USANational Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USANational Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USANational Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USANational Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USAClimate and Environmental Phys University of Bern Bern SwitzerlandNational Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USASAIC/GFDL Princeton NJ USAAbstract This contribution describes the ocean biogeochemical component of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM4.1), assesses GFDL‐ESM4.1's capacity to capture observed ocean biogeochemical patterns, and documents its response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Notable differences relative to the previous generation of GFDL ESM's include enhanced resolution of plankton food web dynamics, refined particle remineralization, and a larger number of exchanges of nutrients across Earth system components. During model spin‐up, the carbon drift rapidly fell below the 10 Pg C per century equilibration criterion established by the Coupled Climate‐Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (C4MIP). Simulations robustly captured large‐scale observed nutrient distributions, plankton dynamics, and characteristics of the biological pump. The model overexpressed phosphate limitation and open ocean hypoxia in some areas but still yielded realistic surface and deep carbon system properties, including cumulative carbon uptake since preindustrial times and over the last decades that is consistent with observation‐based estimates. The model's response to the direct and radiative effects of a 200% atmospheric CO2 increase from preindustrial conditions (i.e., years 101–120 of a 1% CO2 yr−1 simulation) included (a) a weakened, shoaling organic carbon pump leading to a 38% reduction in the sinking flux at 2,000 m; (b) a two‐thirds reduction in the calcium carbonate pump that nonetheless generated only weak calcite compensation on century time‐scales; and, in contrast to previous GFDL ESMs, (c) a moderate reduction in global net primary production that was amplified at higher trophic levels. We conclude with a discussion of model limitations and priority developments.https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002043Earth System Modelocean biogeochemistryclimate changecarbon cyclemarine ecosystems |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Charles A. Stock John P. Dunne Songmiao Fan Paul Ginoux Jasmin John John P. Krasting Charlotte Laufkötter Fabien Paulot Niki Zadeh |
spellingShingle |
Charles A. Stock John P. Dunne Songmiao Fan Paul Ginoux Jasmin John John P. Krasting Charlotte Laufkötter Fabien Paulot Niki Zadeh Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Earth System Model ocean biogeochemistry climate change carbon cycle marine ecosystems |
author_facet |
Charles A. Stock John P. Dunne Songmiao Fan Paul Ginoux Jasmin John John P. Krasting Charlotte Laufkötter Fabien Paulot Niki Zadeh |
author_sort |
Charles A. Stock |
title |
Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 |
title_short |
Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 |
title_full |
Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 |
title_fullStr |
Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean Biogeochemistry in GFDL's Earth System Model 4.1 and Its Response to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 |
title_sort |
ocean biogeochemistry in gfdl's earth system model 4.1 and its response to increasing atmospheric co2 |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
series |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
issn |
1942-2466 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Abstract This contribution describes the ocean biogeochemical component of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM4.1), assesses GFDL‐ESM4.1's capacity to capture observed ocean biogeochemical patterns, and documents its response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Notable differences relative to the previous generation of GFDL ESM's include enhanced resolution of plankton food web dynamics, refined particle remineralization, and a larger number of exchanges of nutrients across Earth system components. During model spin‐up, the carbon drift rapidly fell below the 10 Pg C per century equilibration criterion established by the Coupled Climate‐Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (C4MIP). Simulations robustly captured large‐scale observed nutrient distributions, plankton dynamics, and characteristics of the biological pump. The model overexpressed phosphate limitation and open ocean hypoxia in some areas but still yielded realistic surface and deep carbon system properties, including cumulative carbon uptake since preindustrial times and over the last decades that is consistent with observation‐based estimates. The model's response to the direct and radiative effects of a 200% atmospheric CO2 increase from preindustrial conditions (i.e., years 101–120 of a 1% CO2 yr−1 simulation) included (a) a weakened, shoaling organic carbon pump leading to a 38% reduction in the sinking flux at 2,000 m; (b) a two‐thirds reduction in the calcium carbonate pump that nonetheless generated only weak calcite compensation on century time‐scales; and, in contrast to previous GFDL ESMs, (c) a moderate reduction in global net primary production that was amplified at higher trophic levels. We conclude with a discussion of model limitations and priority developments. |
topic |
Earth System Model ocean biogeochemistry climate change carbon cycle marine ecosystems |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002043 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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