Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract
Within the species of Salmonella enterica, there is significant diversity represented among the numerous subspecies and serovars. Collectively, these account for microbes with variable host ranges, from common plant and animal colonizers to extremely pathogenic and human-specific serovars. Despite t...
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doaj-c974df92141e4a8ebc766a8001fc25012021-02-02T13:27:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882021-02-011010.3389/fcimb.2020.624622624622Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary TractJaikin E. Harrell0Mark M. Hahn1Mark M. Hahn2Shaina J. D’Souza3Erin M. Vasicek4Erin M. Vasicek5Jenna L. Sandala6Jenna L. Sandala7John S. Gunn8John S. Gunn9John S. Gunn10James B. McLachlan11Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesWithin the species of Salmonella enterica, there is significant diversity represented among the numerous subspecies and serovars. Collectively, these account for microbes with variable host ranges, from common plant and animal colonizers to extremely pathogenic and human-specific serovars. Despite these differences, many Salmonella species find commonality in the ability to form biofilms and the ability to cause acute, latent, or chronic disease. The exact outcome of infection depends on many factors such as the growth state of Salmonella, the environmental conditions encountered at the time of infection, as well as the infected host and immune response elicited. Here, we review the numerous biofilm lifestyles of Salmonella (on biotic and abiotic surfaces) and how the production of extracellular polymeric substances not only enhances long-term persistence outside the host but also is an essential function in chronic human infections. Furthermore, careful consideration is made for the events during initial infection that allow for gut transcytosis which, in conjunction with host immune functions, often determine the progression of disease. Both typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellae can cause chronic and/or secondary infections, thus the adaptive immune responses to both types of bacteria are discussed with particular attention to the differences between Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium, and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella that can result in differential immune responses. Finally, while strides have been made in our understanding of immunity to Salmonella in the lymphoid organs, fewer definitive studies exist for intestinal and hepatobiliary immunity. By examining our current knowledge and what remains to be determined, we provide insight into new directions in the field of Salmonella immunity, particularly as it relates to chronic infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.624622/fullbiofilmchronic infectionimmunityhepatobiliarySalmonella |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jaikin E. Harrell Mark M. Hahn Mark M. Hahn Shaina J. D’Souza Erin M. Vasicek Erin M. Vasicek Jenna L. Sandala Jenna L. Sandala John S. Gunn John S. Gunn John S. Gunn James B. McLachlan |
spellingShingle |
Jaikin E. Harrell Mark M. Hahn Mark M. Hahn Shaina J. D’Souza Erin M. Vasicek Erin M. Vasicek Jenna L. Sandala Jenna L. Sandala John S. Gunn John S. Gunn John S. Gunn James B. McLachlan Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology biofilm chronic infection immunity hepatobiliary Salmonella |
author_facet |
Jaikin E. Harrell Mark M. Hahn Mark M. Hahn Shaina J. D’Souza Erin M. Vasicek Erin M. Vasicek Jenna L. Sandala Jenna L. Sandala John S. Gunn John S. Gunn John S. Gunn James B. McLachlan |
author_sort |
Jaikin E. Harrell |
title |
Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract |
title_short |
Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract |
title_full |
Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract |
title_fullStr |
Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract |
title_full_unstemmed |
Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract |
title_sort |
salmonella biofilm formation, chronic infection, and immunity within the intestine and hepatobiliary tract |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
issn |
2235-2988 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Within the species of Salmonella enterica, there is significant diversity represented among the numerous subspecies and serovars. Collectively, these account for microbes with variable host ranges, from common plant and animal colonizers to extremely pathogenic and human-specific serovars. Despite these differences, many Salmonella species find commonality in the ability to form biofilms and the ability to cause acute, latent, or chronic disease. The exact outcome of infection depends on many factors such as the growth state of Salmonella, the environmental conditions encountered at the time of infection, as well as the infected host and immune response elicited. Here, we review the numerous biofilm lifestyles of Salmonella (on biotic and abiotic surfaces) and how the production of extracellular polymeric substances not only enhances long-term persistence outside the host but also is an essential function in chronic human infections. Furthermore, careful consideration is made for the events during initial infection that allow for gut transcytosis which, in conjunction with host immune functions, often determine the progression of disease. Both typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellae can cause chronic and/or secondary infections, thus the adaptive immune responses to both types of bacteria are discussed with particular attention to the differences between Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium, and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella that can result in differential immune responses. Finally, while strides have been made in our understanding of immunity to Salmonella in the lymphoid organs, fewer definitive studies exist for intestinal and hepatobiliary immunity. By examining our current knowledge and what remains to be determined, we provide insight into new directions in the field of Salmonella immunity, particularly as it relates to chronic infection. |
topic |
biofilm chronic infection immunity hepatobiliary Salmonella |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.624622/full |
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