Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults
Background: An outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) with significant morbidity and mortality was reported in 2019. While most patients with EVALI report vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oils contaminated with vitamin E acetate, a subset report only vaping wit...
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doaj-c9937bd71ca84e36a16fd37545e040712020-11-25T02:26:15ZengElsevierEBioMedicine2352-39642020-10-0160102982Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adultsPeter G. Shields0Min-Ae Song1Jo L. Freudenheim2Theodore M. Brasky3Joseph P. McElroy4Sarah A. Reisinger5Daniel Y. Weng6Rongqin Ren7Thomas Eissenberg8Mark D. Wewers9Konstantin Shilo10Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, 460W. 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Suite D920, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, United States; Corresponding author.Division of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesComprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, 460W. 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Suite D920, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, United StatesCenter for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesComprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, 460W. 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Suite D920, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, United StatesComprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, 460W. 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Suite D920, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United StatesPulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United StatesBackground: An outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) with significant morbidity and mortality was reported in 2019. While most patients with EVALI report vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oils contaminated with vitamin E acetate, a subset report only vaping with nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). Whether or not e-cigs cause EVALI, the outbreak highlights the need for identifying long term health effects of e-cigs. EVALI pathology includes alveolar damage, pneumonitis and/or organizing pneumonia, often with lipid-laden macrophages (LLM). We assessed LLM in the lungs of healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers as a potential marker of e-cig toxicity and EVALI. Methods: A cross-sectional study using bronchoscopy was conducted in healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers (n = 64). LLM, inflammatory cell counts, and cytokines were determined in bronchial alveolar fluids (BAL). E-cig users included both never-smokers and former light smokers. Findings: High LLM was found in the lungs of almost all smokers and half of the e-cig users, but not those of never-smokers. LLM were not related to THC exposure or smoking history. LLM were significantly associated with inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in e-cig users, but not smoking-related cytokines. Interpretation: This is the first report of lung LLM comparing apparently healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers. LLM are not a specific marker for EVALI given the frequent positivity in smokers; whether LLMs are a marker of lung inflammation in some e-cig users requires further study. Funding: The National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products, the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences, and Pelotonia Intramural Research Fundshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396420303583BronchoscopyNicotineVapingCytokinesEVALI |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Peter G. Shields Min-Ae Song Jo L. Freudenheim Theodore M. Brasky Joseph P. McElroy Sarah A. Reisinger Daniel Y. Weng Rongqin Ren Thomas Eissenberg Mark D. Wewers Konstantin Shilo |
spellingShingle |
Peter G. Shields Min-Ae Song Jo L. Freudenheim Theodore M. Brasky Joseph P. McElroy Sarah A. Reisinger Daniel Y. Weng Rongqin Ren Thomas Eissenberg Mark D. Wewers Konstantin Shilo Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults EBioMedicine Bronchoscopy Nicotine Vaping Cytokines EVALI |
author_facet |
Peter G. Shields Min-Ae Song Jo L. Freudenheim Theodore M. Brasky Joseph P. McElroy Sarah A. Reisinger Daniel Y. Weng Rongqin Ren Thomas Eissenberg Mark D. Wewers Konstantin Shilo |
author_sort |
Peter G. Shields |
title |
Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults |
title_short |
Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults |
title_full |
Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults |
title_fullStr |
Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults |
title_sort |
lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
EBioMedicine |
issn |
2352-3964 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Background: An outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) with significant morbidity and mortality was reported in 2019. While most patients with EVALI report vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oils contaminated with vitamin E acetate, a subset report only vaping with nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). Whether or not e-cigs cause EVALI, the outbreak highlights the need for identifying long term health effects of e-cigs. EVALI pathology includes alveolar damage, pneumonitis and/or organizing pneumonia, often with lipid-laden macrophages (LLM). We assessed LLM in the lungs of healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers as a potential marker of e-cig toxicity and EVALI. Methods: A cross-sectional study using bronchoscopy was conducted in healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers (n = 64). LLM, inflammatory cell counts, and cytokines were determined in bronchial alveolar fluids (BAL). E-cig users included both never-smokers and former light smokers. Findings: High LLM was found in the lungs of almost all smokers and half of the e-cig users, but not those of never-smokers. LLM were not related to THC exposure or smoking history. LLM were significantly associated with inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in e-cig users, but not smoking-related cytokines. Interpretation: This is the first report of lung LLM comparing apparently healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers. LLM are not a specific marker for EVALI given the frequent positivity in smokers; whether LLMs are a marker of lung inflammation in some e-cig users requires further study. Funding: The National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products, the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences, and Pelotonia Intramural Research Funds |
topic |
Bronchoscopy Nicotine Vaping Cytokines EVALI |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396420303583 |
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