Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone Regeneration
(1) Background: The aim of this study was examining the ex vivo and in vivo properties of a composite made from polycaprolactone (PCL) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (synprint, ScientiFY GmbH) fabricated via fused deposition modelling (FDM); (2) Methods: Scaffolds were tested ex vivo for their...
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doaj-c9a4169ed4c640beb55048ebc3294f7a2021-03-30T23:03:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01223588358810.3390/ijms22073588Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone RegenerationFranciska Oberdiek0Carlos Ivan Vargas1Patrick Rider2Milijana Batinic3Oliver Görke4Milena Radenković5Stevo Najman6Jose Manuel Baena7Ole Jung8Mike Barbeck9ScientiFY GmbH, 15806 Zossen, GermanyEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainScientiFY GmbH, 15806 Zossen, GermanyResearch Department, BerlinAnalytix GmbH, 12109 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Ceramic Materials, Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institute for Materials Science and Technologies, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, GermanyScientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, SerbiaScientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, SerbiaREGEMAT 3D, Avenida del conocimiento 41, A-111, 18016 Granada, SpainClinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Ceramic Materials, Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institute for Materials Science and Technologies, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany(1) Background: The aim of this study was examining the ex vivo and in vivo properties of a composite made from polycaprolactone (PCL) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (synprint, ScientiFY GmbH) fabricated via fused deposition modelling (FDM); (2) Methods: Scaffolds were tested ex vivo for their mechanical properties using porous and solid designs. Subcutaneous implantation model analyzed the biocompatibility of PCL + BCP and PCL scaffolds. Calvaria implantation model analyzed the osteoconductive properties of PCL and PCL + BCP scaffolds compared to BCP as control group. Established histological, histopathological and histomorphometrical methods were performed to evaluate new bone formation.; (3) Results Mechanical testing demonstrated no significant differences between PCL and PCL + BCP for both designs. Similar biocompatibility was observed subcutaneously for PCL and PCL + BCP scaffolds. In the calvaria model, new bone formation was observed for all groups with largest new bone formation in the BCP group, followed by the PCL + BCP group, and the PCL group. This finding was influenced by the initial volume of biomaterial implanted and remaining volume after 90 days. All materials showed osteoconductive properties and PCL + BCP tailored the tissue responses towards higher cellular biodegradability. Moreover, this material combination led to a reduced swelling in PCL + BCP; (4) Conclusions: Altogether, the results show that the newly developed composite is biocompatible and leads to successful osteoconductive bone regeneration. The new biomaterial combines the structural stability provided by PCL with bioactive characteristics of BCP-based BSM. 3D-printed BSM provides an integration behavior in accordance with the concept of guided bone regeneration (GBR) by directing new bone growth for proper function and restoration.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/35883D-printingbioprintingbiphasic bone substitutein vivomacrophagesinflammation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Franciska Oberdiek Carlos Ivan Vargas Patrick Rider Milijana Batinic Oliver Görke Milena Radenković Stevo Najman Jose Manuel Baena Ole Jung Mike Barbeck |
spellingShingle |
Franciska Oberdiek Carlos Ivan Vargas Patrick Rider Milijana Batinic Oliver Görke Milena Radenković Stevo Najman Jose Manuel Baena Ole Jung Mike Barbeck Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone Regeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences 3D-printing bioprinting biphasic bone substitute in vivo macrophages inflammation |
author_facet |
Franciska Oberdiek Carlos Ivan Vargas Patrick Rider Milijana Batinic Oliver Görke Milena Radenković Stevo Najman Jose Manuel Baena Ole Jung Mike Barbeck |
author_sort |
Franciska Oberdiek |
title |
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone Regeneration |
title_short |
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone Regeneration |
title_full |
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone Regeneration |
title_fullStr |
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone Regeneration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Analyses of Novel 3D-Printed Bone Substitute Scaffolds Incorporating Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granules for Bone Regeneration |
title_sort |
ex vivo and in vivo analyses of novel 3d-printed bone substitute scaffolds incorporating biphasic calcium phosphate granules for bone regeneration |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
(1) Background: The aim of this study was examining the ex vivo and in vivo properties of a composite made from polycaprolactone (PCL) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (synprint, ScientiFY GmbH) fabricated via fused deposition modelling (FDM); (2) Methods: Scaffolds were tested ex vivo for their mechanical properties using porous and solid designs. Subcutaneous implantation model analyzed the biocompatibility of PCL + BCP and PCL scaffolds. Calvaria implantation model analyzed the osteoconductive properties of PCL and PCL + BCP scaffolds compared to BCP as control group. Established histological, histopathological and histomorphometrical methods were performed to evaluate new bone formation.; (3) Results Mechanical testing demonstrated no significant differences between PCL and PCL + BCP for both designs. Similar biocompatibility was observed subcutaneously for PCL and PCL + BCP scaffolds. In the calvaria model, new bone formation was observed for all groups with largest new bone formation in the BCP group, followed by the PCL + BCP group, and the PCL group. This finding was influenced by the initial volume of biomaterial implanted and remaining volume after 90 days. All materials showed osteoconductive properties and PCL + BCP tailored the tissue responses towards higher cellular biodegradability. Moreover, this material combination led to a reduced swelling in PCL + BCP; (4) Conclusions: Altogether, the results show that the newly developed composite is biocompatible and leads to successful osteoconductive bone regeneration. The new biomaterial combines the structural stability provided by PCL with bioactive characteristics of BCP-based BSM. 3D-printed BSM provides an integration behavior in accordance with the concept of guided bone regeneration (GBR) by directing new bone growth for proper function and restoration. |
topic |
3D-printing bioprinting biphasic bone substitute in vivo macrophages inflammation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/3588 |
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