Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study.
Ischemia reperfusion injury is associated with tissue damage and inflammation, and is one of the main factors causing flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-studied aspect of flap survival, its biological mechanisms remain to be elucidated....
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-01-01
|
Series: | PLoS ONE |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209624 |
id |
doaj-c9ad64e0e8f444e2912ae4d27200be48 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-c9ad64e0e8f444e2912ae4d27200be482021-03-03T21:00:23ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-011312e020962410.1371/journal.pone.0209624Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study.Alberto BallestínJavier G CasadoElena AbellánF Javier VelaVerónica ÁlvarezAlejandra UsónEsther LópezFederica MarinaroRebeca BlázquezFrancisco Miguel Sánchez-MargalloIschemia reperfusion injury is associated with tissue damage and inflammation, and is one of the main factors causing flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-studied aspect of flap survival, its biological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. To better understand the biological processes of ischemia reperfusion injury, and to develop further therapeutic strategies, the main objective of this study was to identify the gene expression pattern and histological changes in an I/R injury animal model. Fourteen rats (n = 7/group) were randomly divided into control or ischemia-reperfusion group (8 hours of ischemia). Microsurgical anastomoses were objectively assessed using transit-time-ultrasound technology. Seven days after surgery, flap survival was evaluated and tissue samples were harvested for anatomopathological and gene-expression analyses.The I/R injury reduced the survival of free flaps and histological analyses revealed a subcutaneous edema together with an inflammatory infiltrate. Interestingly, the Arginase 1 expression level as well as the ratio of Arginase 1/Nitric oxide synthase 2 showed a significant increase in the I/R group. In summary, here we describe a well-characterized I/R animal model that may serve to evaluate therapeutic agents under reproducible and controlled conditions. Moreover, this model could be especially useful for the evaluation of arginase inhibitors and different compounds of potential interest in reconstructive microsurgery.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209624 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alberto Ballestín Javier G Casado Elena Abellán F Javier Vela Verónica Álvarez Alejandra Usón Esther López Federica Marinaro Rebeca Blázquez Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo |
spellingShingle |
Alberto Ballestín Javier G Casado Elena Abellán F Javier Vela Verónica Álvarez Alejandra Usón Esther López Federica Marinaro Rebeca Blázquez Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Alberto Ballestín Javier G Casado Elena Abellán F Javier Vela Verónica Álvarez Alejandra Usón Esther López Federica Marinaro Rebeca Blázquez Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo |
author_sort |
Alberto Ballestín |
title |
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study. |
title_short |
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study. |
title_full |
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study. |
title_fullStr |
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study. |
title_sort |
ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: a histological, genetic, and blood flow study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Ischemia reperfusion injury is associated with tissue damage and inflammation, and is one of the main factors causing flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-studied aspect of flap survival, its biological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. To better understand the biological processes of ischemia reperfusion injury, and to develop further therapeutic strategies, the main objective of this study was to identify the gene expression pattern and histological changes in an I/R injury animal model. Fourteen rats (n = 7/group) were randomly divided into control or ischemia-reperfusion group (8 hours of ischemia). Microsurgical anastomoses were objectively assessed using transit-time-ultrasound technology. Seven days after surgery, flap survival was evaluated and tissue samples were harvested for anatomopathological and gene-expression analyses.The I/R injury reduced the survival of free flaps and histological analyses revealed a subcutaneous edema together with an inflammatory infiltrate. Interestingly, the Arginase 1 expression level as well as the ratio of Arginase 1/Nitric oxide synthase 2 showed a significant increase in the I/R group. In summary, here we describe a well-characterized I/R animal model that may serve to evaluate therapeutic agents under reproducible and controlled conditions. Moreover, this model could be especially useful for the evaluation of arginase inhibitors and different compounds of potential interest in reconstructive microsurgery. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209624 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT albertoballestin ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT javiergcasado ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT elenaabellan ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT fjaviervela ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT veronicaalvarez ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT alejandrauson ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT estherlopez ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT federicamarinaro ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT rebecablazquez ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy AT franciscomiguelsanchezmargallo ischemiareperfusioninjuryinaratmicrovascularskinfreeflapmodelahistologicalgeneticandbloodflowstudy |
_version_ |
1714819320268193792 |