Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model System
Laser metal deposition (LMD) has demonstrated its ability to produce complex parts and to adjust material composition within a single workpiece. It is also a suitable additive manufacturing (AM) technology for building up dissimilar metals directly. However, brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) ar...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
Series: | Materials |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4747 |
id |
doaj-c9d06d1eaac745b0b73e4671f085c7e5 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-c9d06d1eaac745b0b73e4671f085c7e52020-11-25T03:53:06ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-10-01134747474710.3390/ma13214747Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model SystemDi Cui0Antaryami Mohanta1Marc Leparoux2Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH–3602 Thun, SwitzerlandEmpa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH–3602 Thun, SwitzerlandEmpa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH–3602 Thun, SwitzerlandLaser metal deposition (LMD) has demonstrated its ability to produce complex parts and to adjust material composition within a single workpiece. It is also a suitable additive manufacturing (AM) technology for building up dissimilar metals directly. However, brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are formed at the interface of the dissimilar metals fabricated by LMD. Such brittle phases often lead to material failure due to thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, thermal stress, etc. In this work, we studied a Fe-Ti system with two brittle phases, such as Fe-Ti and Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti, as a model system. Fe was grown on top of Ti at various process parameters. The morphologies and microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No cracks along the interface between pure Ti and bottom of the solidified melt pool were observed in the cross-sectional images. Chemical composition in the fabricated parts was measured by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed in addition to EDS to identify the crystalline phases. The Vickers hardness test was conducted in areas with different phases. The chemical composition in the melt pool region was found to be a determining factor for the occurrence of major cracks.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4747laser metal depositiondissimilar metalsintermetallic compoundschemical compositionmicrohardness |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Di Cui Antaryami Mohanta Marc Leparoux |
spellingShingle |
Di Cui Antaryami Mohanta Marc Leparoux Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model System Materials laser metal deposition dissimilar metals intermetallic compounds chemical composition microhardness |
author_facet |
Di Cui Antaryami Mohanta Marc Leparoux |
author_sort |
Di Cui |
title |
Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model System |
title_short |
Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model System |
title_full |
Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model System |
title_fullStr |
Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model System |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interface Control in Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals Forming Intermetallic Compounds—Fe-Ti as a Model System |
title_sort |
interface control in additive manufacturing of dissimilar metals forming intermetallic compounds—fe-ti as a model system |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Laser metal deposition (LMD) has demonstrated its ability to produce complex parts and to adjust material composition within a single workpiece. It is also a suitable additive manufacturing (AM) technology for building up dissimilar metals directly. However, brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are formed at the interface of the dissimilar metals fabricated by LMD. Such brittle phases often lead to material failure due to thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, thermal stress, etc. In this work, we studied a Fe-Ti system with two brittle phases, such as Fe-Ti and Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti, as a model system. Fe was grown on top of Ti at various process parameters. The morphologies and microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No cracks along the interface between pure Ti and bottom of the solidified melt pool were observed in the cross-sectional images. Chemical composition in the fabricated parts was measured by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed in addition to EDS to identify the crystalline phases. The Vickers hardness test was conducted in areas with different phases. The chemical composition in the melt pool region was found to be a determining factor for the occurrence of major cracks. |
topic |
laser metal deposition dissimilar metals intermetallic compounds chemical composition microhardness |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4747 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT dicui interfacecontrolinadditivemanufacturingofdissimilarmetalsformingintermetalliccompoundsfetiasamodelsystem AT antaryamimohanta interfacecontrolinadditivemanufacturingofdissimilarmetalsformingintermetalliccompoundsfetiasamodelsystem AT marcleparoux interfacecontrolinadditivemanufacturingofdissimilarmetalsformingintermetalliccompoundsfetiasamodelsystem |
_version_ |
1724479880062566400 |