Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
This paper aims to elucidate the effects of exogenous brassinolide (BL) on maize germination and seedling growth under chilling stress. The cold-resistant maize hybrid Tiannong 9 and the cold-sensitive hybrid Tianhe 1 were soaked at the germination stage (6 °C) and leaves were sprayed at seedling st...
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doaj-c9f22ccca956461d9ee69771da0454fe2021-04-02T13:26:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-04-011048848810.3390/agronomy10040488Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling StressYujun Sun0Yunhan He1Ali Raza Irfan2Xinmeng Liu3Qiaoqiao Yu4Qian Zhang5Deguang Yang6College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur Baghdad ul jadeed campus. Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanCollege of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaThis paper aims to elucidate the effects of exogenous brassinolide (BL) on maize germination and seedling growth under chilling stress. The cold-resistant maize hybrid Tiannong 9 and the cold-sensitive hybrid Tianhe 1 were soaked at the germination stage (6 °C) and leaves were sprayed at seedling stage (4 °C), with BL at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L. The germination rate of the maize seeds and the changes in seedling biomass, antioxidant, photosynthetic, and plant endogenous hormone systems and chloroplast ultrastructures were determined. The results showed that the optimum concentration of BL to alleviate chilling stress in maize seedlings was 0.1 mg/L. This rate effectively increased the germination rate and plant biomass of maize and significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, the net photosynthetic rate (<i>Pn</i>), stomatal conductance (<i>gs</i>) and transpiration rate (<i>Tr</i>), and seedling auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>) and trans zeatin nucleoside (t-ZR) contents under chilling stress. In addition, BL significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (<i>Ci</i>). In the comparison of mesophyll cells, the chloroplast membrane of the treatment group was tightly attached to the stroma, and some of the plasma membranes were dissolved, but the overall structure of the chloroplast was relatively complete, and the osmiophilic granules were relatively few. The exogenous application of BL can effectively alleviate the damage caused by a low temperature in maize, maintain the normal characteristics of seedlings in chilling environments, and ensure the development and growth of plant tissue in the later stage.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/488brassinolidegermination percentageplant growthplant hormoneschloroplast ultrastructure |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yujun Sun Yunhan He Ali Raza Irfan Xinmeng Liu Qiaoqiao Yu Qian Zhang Deguang Yang |
spellingShingle |
Yujun Sun Yunhan He Ali Raza Irfan Xinmeng Liu Qiaoqiao Yu Qian Zhang Deguang Yang Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress Agronomy brassinolide germination percentage plant growth plant hormones chloroplast ultrastructure |
author_facet |
Yujun Sun Yunhan He Ali Raza Irfan Xinmeng Liu Qiaoqiao Yu Qian Zhang Deguang Yang |
author_sort |
Yujun Sun |
title |
Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
title_short |
Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
title_full |
Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
title_fullStr |
Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
title_sort |
exogenous brassinolide enhances the growth and cold resistance of maize (<i>zea mays</i> l.) seedlings under chilling stress |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
This paper aims to elucidate the effects of exogenous brassinolide (BL) on maize germination and seedling growth under chilling stress. The cold-resistant maize hybrid Tiannong 9 and the cold-sensitive hybrid Tianhe 1 were soaked at the germination stage (6 °C) and leaves were sprayed at seedling stage (4 °C), with BL at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L. The germination rate of the maize seeds and the changes in seedling biomass, antioxidant, photosynthetic, and plant endogenous hormone systems and chloroplast ultrastructures were determined. The results showed that the optimum concentration of BL to alleviate chilling stress in maize seedlings was 0.1 mg/L. This rate effectively increased the germination rate and plant biomass of maize and significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, the net photosynthetic rate (<i>Pn</i>), stomatal conductance (<i>gs</i>) and transpiration rate (<i>Tr</i>), and seedling auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>) and trans zeatin nucleoside (t-ZR) contents under chilling stress. In addition, BL significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (<i>Ci</i>). In the comparison of mesophyll cells, the chloroplast membrane of the treatment group was tightly attached to the stroma, and some of the plasma membranes were dissolved, but the overall structure of the chloroplast was relatively complete, and the osmiophilic granules were relatively few. The exogenous application of BL can effectively alleviate the damage caused by a low temperature in maize, maintain the normal characteristics of seedlings in chilling environments, and ensure the development and growth of plant tissue in the later stage. |
topic |
brassinolide germination percentage plant growth plant hormones chloroplast ultrastructure |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/488 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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