Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury
Investigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental axon growth has been a useful approach for identifying new strategies for boosting axon regeneration after injury, with the goal of treating debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injury and vision loss. The picture emerging is that...
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doaj-ca0e44fddac5480b8fbe080f9dbe1d952021-02-12T00:04:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01221798179810.3390/ijms22041798Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after InjuryVeselina Petrova0Bart Nieuwenhuis1James W. Fawcett2Richard Eva3John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UKJohn van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UKJohn van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UKJohn van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UKInvestigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental axon growth has been a useful approach for identifying new strategies for boosting axon regeneration after injury, with the goal of treating debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injury and vision loss. The picture emerging is that various axonal organelles are important centers for organizing the molecular mechanisms and machinery required for growth cone development and axon extension, and these have recently been targeted to stimulate robust regeneration in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes recent literature highlighting a central role for organelles such as recycling endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, autophagosomes and the proteasome in developmental axon growth, and describes how these organelles can be targeted to promote axon regeneration after injury to the adult CNS. This review also examines the connections between these organelles in developing and regenerating axons, and finally discusses the molecular mechanisms within the axon that are required for successful axon growth.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1798axon growthaxon regenerationinter-organelle membrane contact sitesorganelles |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Veselina Petrova Bart Nieuwenhuis James W. Fawcett Richard Eva |
spellingShingle |
Veselina Petrova Bart Nieuwenhuis James W. Fawcett Richard Eva Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury International Journal of Molecular Sciences axon growth axon regeneration inter-organelle membrane contact sites organelles |
author_facet |
Veselina Petrova Bart Nieuwenhuis James W. Fawcett Richard Eva |
author_sort |
Veselina Petrova |
title |
Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury |
title_short |
Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury |
title_full |
Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury |
title_fullStr |
Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury |
title_full_unstemmed |
Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury |
title_sort |
axonal organelles as molecular platforms for axon growth and regeneration after injury |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Investigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental axon growth has been a useful approach for identifying new strategies for boosting axon regeneration after injury, with the goal of treating debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injury and vision loss. The picture emerging is that various axonal organelles are important centers for organizing the molecular mechanisms and machinery required for growth cone development and axon extension, and these have recently been targeted to stimulate robust regeneration in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes recent literature highlighting a central role for organelles such as recycling endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, autophagosomes and the proteasome in developmental axon growth, and describes how these organelles can be targeted to promote axon regeneration after injury to the adult CNS. This review also examines the connections between these organelles in developing and regenerating axons, and finally discusses the molecular mechanisms within the axon that are required for successful axon growth. |
topic |
axon growth axon regeneration inter-organelle membrane contact sites organelles |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1798 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1724273944630919168 |