A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters

This article presents an area efficient fully autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system to scavenge energy from periodic vibrations. Extraction rectifier utilized in the system is based on synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique which enables system to outperform standard...

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Main Authors: Salar Chamanian, Berkay Ciftci, Ali Muhtaroglu, Haluk Kulah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2021-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9521537/
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spelling doaj-cacabdfe96db4993b17c69402e7c95e22021-08-27T23:01:21ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362021-01-01911770311771310.1109/ACCESS.2021.31073659521537A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric HarvestersSalar Chamanian0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-2672Berkay Ciftci1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7195Ali Muhtaroglu2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-2587Haluk Kulah3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-4474Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University&#x2013;Northern Cyprus Campus, Mersin, TurkeyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, TurkeyThis article presents an area efficient fully autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system to scavenge energy from periodic vibrations. Extraction rectifier utilized in the system is based on synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique which enables system to outperform standard passive rectifiers. Compared to conventional SSHI circuits, enhanced SSHI (E-SSHI) system proposed in this paper uses a single low-profile external inductor in the range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>&#x2019;s to reduce overall system cost and volume, hence broadening application areas of such harvesting systems. Furthermore, E-SSHI does not include any negative voltage converter circuit and therefore, it offers area efficient AC/DC rectification. Detection of optimal voltage flipping times in E-SSHI technique is conducted autonomously without any external calibration. Energy transfer circuit provides control over how much energy is delivered from E-SSHI output to electronic load. The proposed system is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process with 0.28 mm<sup>2</sup> active area. It is tested using a commercial piezoelectric transducer MIDE V22BL with periodic excitation. Measured results reveal that E-SSHI circuit is capable of extracting up to 5.23 and 4.02 times more power compared with an ideal full-bridge rectifier at 0.87 V and 2.6 V piezoelectric open circuit voltage amplitudes (V<sub>OC, P</sub>), respectively. A maximum voltage flipping efficiency of 93&#x0025; is observed at V<sub>OC,P</sub> &#x003D; 3.6 V, owing to minimized losses on charge flipping path. Measured results are compared with state-of-the-art interface circuits. Comparison shows that E-SSHI design offers a huge step towards miniaturized harvesting systems thanks to its low-profile and fully autonomous design.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9521537/Autonomouslow-profilepiezoelectric energy harvesterSSHIoptimal charge flippingarea efficient
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Salar Chamanian
Berkay Ciftci
Ali Muhtaroglu
Haluk Kulah
spellingShingle Salar Chamanian
Berkay Ciftci
Ali Muhtaroglu
Haluk Kulah
A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters
IEEE Access
Autonomous
low-profile
piezoelectric energy harvester
SSHI
optimal charge flipping
area efficient
author_facet Salar Chamanian
Berkay Ciftci
Ali Muhtaroglu
Haluk Kulah
author_sort Salar Chamanian
title A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters
title_short A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters
title_full A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters
title_fullStr A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters
title_full_unstemmed A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters
title_sort self-powered and area efficient sshi rectifier for piezoelectric harvesters
publisher IEEE
series IEEE Access
issn 2169-3536
publishDate 2021-01-01
description This article presents an area efficient fully autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system to scavenge energy from periodic vibrations. Extraction rectifier utilized in the system is based on synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique which enables system to outperform standard passive rectifiers. Compared to conventional SSHI circuits, enhanced SSHI (E-SSHI) system proposed in this paper uses a single low-profile external inductor in the range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>&#x2019;s to reduce overall system cost and volume, hence broadening application areas of such harvesting systems. Furthermore, E-SSHI does not include any negative voltage converter circuit and therefore, it offers area efficient AC/DC rectification. Detection of optimal voltage flipping times in E-SSHI technique is conducted autonomously without any external calibration. Energy transfer circuit provides control over how much energy is delivered from E-SSHI output to electronic load. The proposed system is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process with 0.28 mm<sup>2</sup> active area. It is tested using a commercial piezoelectric transducer MIDE V22BL with periodic excitation. Measured results reveal that E-SSHI circuit is capable of extracting up to 5.23 and 4.02 times more power compared with an ideal full-bridge rectifier at 0.87 V and 2.6 V piezoelectric open circuit voltage amplitudes (V<sub>OC, P</sub>), respectively. A maximum voltage flipping efficiency of 93&#x0025; is observed at V<sub>OC,P</sub> &#x003D; 3.6 V, owing to minimized losses on charge flipping path. Measured results are compared with state-of-the-art interface circuits. Comparison shows that E-SSHI design offers a huge step towards miniaturized harvesting systems thanks to its low-profile and fully autonomous design.
topic Autonomous
low-profile
piezoelectric energy harvester
SSHI
optimal charge flipping
area efficient
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9521537/
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